Plant Immunity

Chakraborty, Sonhita; Moeder, Wolfgang; Yoshioka, Keiko

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.12154-5

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Olpidiopsis saprolegeniae, infecting another oomycete, was distantly related to the red algal pathogens (Buaya et al 2019), and the genus Pontisima was proposed for these ciated molecular patterns that activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) (Mayor et al 2007, Shine et al 2019, Ding et al 2022). After infection, plants recognize effectors secreted by pathogens via resistance (R) proteins and induce effector-triggered immunity (ETI) (Coll et al 2011, Chakraborty et al 2017.…”

Section: Oomycete Pathogens That Infect Red Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, various pathogens have evolved "effector" proteins that can suppress PTI signaling leading to effector-triggered susceptibility (Bari and Jones 2009). These effector proteins are known as "virulence factors'' (Chakraborty et al 2017).…”

Section: Oomycete Pathogens That Infect Red Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants and animals, share striking similarities in their innate immune systems, some of which are likely due to convergent evolution Dangl 2006, Mayor et al 2007). Immune responses discriminate self from non-self and activate tightly regulated pre-and post-invasion defense responses to minimize the damage caused by harmful agents (Chakraborty et al 2017). In both plants and animals, the first line of defense is provided by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the plasma membrane that recognize conserved pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or microbe-asso-PyroV1.…”

Section: Red Algal Defense Against Oomycete Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oomycete pathogens, red algal defense mechanisms and control measures

Wen,

Zuccarello,

Klochkova

et al. 2023

Algae

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Oomycete pathogens are one of the most serious threats to the rapidly growing global algae aquaculture industry but research into how they spread and how algae respond to infection is unresolved, let alone a proper classification of the pathogens. Even the taxonomy of the genera Pythium and Olpidiopsis, which contain the most economically damaging pathogens in red algal aquaculture, and are among the best studied, needs urgent clarification, as existing morphological classifications and molecular evidence are often inconsistent. Recent studies have reported a number of genes involved in defense responses against oomycete pathogens in red algae, including pattern-triggered immunity and effectortriggered immunity. Accumulating evidence also suggests that calcium-mediated reactive oxygen species signaling plays an important role in the response of red algae to oomycete pathogens. Current management strategies to control oomycete pathogens in aquaculture are based on the high resistance of red algae to abiotic stress, these have environmental consequences and are not fully effective. Here, we compile a revised list of oomycete pathogens known to infect marine red algae and outline the current taxonomic situation. We also review recent research on the molecular and cellular responses of red algae to oomycete infection that has only recently begun, and outline the methods currently used to control disease in the field.

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Section: Oomycete Pathogens That Infect Red Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oomycete Pathogens That Infect Red Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Red Algal Defense Against Oomycete Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Oomycete pathogens, red algal defense mechanisms and control measures

Wen,

Zuccarello,

Klochkova

et al. 2023

Algae

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“…SA levels rise, activating various presumed defense effector genes, including PR genes [35]. SAR signaling downstream of SA is controlled by the protein nonexpressor of PR gene 1 (NPR1), which, upon SA-induced redox changes in the cell, converts from its oligomeric form to monomers; then, it is transported from the cytosol into the nucleus, where it acts as a transcriptional coactivator for the TGA transcription factors to induce the expression of a large set of PR genes [59,60]. PR proteins accumulate intercellularly in vacuoles and have antimicrobial activity; for example, PR2 protein is a glucanase, PR3 and PR8 are chitinases, PR9 is a peroxidase, and PR1 has been shown to inhibit germination of oomycetes and have antifungal activity [50,59,61].…”

Section: Plants' Response To Biotic Stress: Systemic Acquired Resista...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SAR signaling downstream of SA is controlled by the protein nonexpressor of PR gene 1 (NPR1), which, upon SA-induced redox changes in the cell, converts from its oligomeric form to monomers; then, it is transported from the cytosol into the nucleus, where it acts as a transcriptional coactivator for the TGA transcription factors to induce the expression of a large set of PR genes [59,60]. PR proteins accumulate intercellularly in vacuoles and have antimicrobial activity; for example, PR2 protein is a glucanase, PR3 and PR8 are chitinases, PR9 is a peroxidase, and PR1 has been shown to inhibit germination of oomycetes and have antifungal activity [50,59,61]. Disease resistance is given by diverse PR proteins that act together so that the overexpression or silencing of a single one does not significantly affect the resistance or susceptibility of the plant to a range of pathogens [58].…”

Section: Plants' Response To Biotic Stress: Systemic Acquired Resista...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Microorganisms as a Sustainable Alternative for Mitigating Biotic Stresses in Crops

et al. 2023

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Nowadays, population growth, the global temperature increase, and the appearance of emerging diseases in important crops generate uncertainty regarding world food security. The use of agrochemicals has been the “go-to” solution for the control of phytopathogenic microorganisms, such as Magnaporte oryzae, causing blast disease in rice and other cereals; Botrytis cinerea, causing gray mold in over 500 plant species; and Puccinia spp., causing rust in cereals. However, their excessive use has harmed human health, as well as ecosystems (contaminating water, and contributing to soil degradation); besides, phytopathogens can develop resistance to them. The inoculation of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to crops is a sustainable strategy for increasing the yield and quality of crops and mitigating biotic stresses. Likewise, PGPMs, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Trichoderma, can trigger a series of signals and reactions in the plant that lead to the induction of systemic resistance, a mechanism by which plants react to microorganism stimulation by activating their defense system, resulting in protection against future pathogen attack. These plant defense mechanisms help to mitigate biotic stresses that threaten global food security. Thus, the study of these mechanisms at molecular, transcriptomic, and metabolomic levels is indispensable to elucidate how stresses affect globally important crops.

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Plants´ responses to pathogen attack: a biochemical approach

Granella Gomes Guidoti,

Teixeira Guidoti,

Rodrigues de Rezende

et al. 2023

CiPraxis

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Introdução: As plantas estão suscetíveis ao ataque de patógenos a todo tempo, os quais utilizam diferentes estratégias de invasão. Diante disso, as plantas desenvolveram distintos mecanismos de defesa que, quando acionados, desencadeiam respostas apropriadas e de forma adaptativa, a partir de barreiras pré e pós-formadas. São exemplos dessas respostas químicas: a síntese de exopolissacarídeos, toxinas, enzimas de degradação da parede celular e a produção de hormônios vegetais. Os mecanismos desenvolvidos pelas plantas são de interesse biotecnológico, pois proporcionam conhecimento sobre agentes naturais de defesa contra pragas que possam vir a ameaçar o desenvolvimento de algumas culturas e, consequentemente, diminuir a utilização de agentes químicos como defensivos agrícolas. Objetivo: Nesta revisão, discutiu-se como as plantas se defendem quimicamente ao ataque de patógenos, de forma natural ou induzida, bem como relaciou-se os principais mecanismos de infecção e as substâncias químicas produzidas por fitopatógenos. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática por meio de pesquisa em livros texto e plataformas on-line de busca de artigos científicos, para isso, empregou-se temos expressões, vocábulos e temas nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa no recorte temporal dos últimos dez anos (2022-2012). Resultados: A revisão da literatura permitiu a seleção de 71 citações relevantes que embasaram o desenvolvimento teórico-científico do presente trabalho. Conclusão: O conhecimento sobre a defesa das plantas representa uma importante ferramenta de subsídeo para futuras pesquisas sobre indução de resistência em plantas, agricultura de base agroecológica e controle em fitossanidade.

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Plant Immunity

Cited by 3 publications

References 68 publications

Oomycete pathogens, red algal defense mechanisms and control measures

Oomycete pathogens, red algal defense mechanisms and control measures

Beneficial Microorganisms as a Sustainable Alternative for Mitigating Biotic Stresses in Crops

Plants´ responses to pathogen attack: a biochemical approach

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