Plant mating system transitions drive the macroevolution of defense strategies

Campbell, Stuart; Kessler, André

doi:10.1073/pnas.1213867110

Cited by 67 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Our comparison of defence related traits and palatability to generalist herbivore caterpillars of M. brassicae did not reveal any differences between selfing and outcrossing populations, and thus provides no support for the hypothesis that selfing populations should be more susceptible to generalist herbivores (Johnson et al 2009). Although herbivore damage induced changes in trichome density and SLA, our data do not support the prediction that selfing populations should have a higher inducible resistance (Campbell and Kessler 2013).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Rather than looking at defence traits individually, using a generalist herbivore (folivore) provides an integral test for differences in traits associated with nutritional quality (Agrawal 2000;Campbell and Kessler 2013). Our feeding trial indicated that M. brassicae caterpillar weight gain was not affected by population or mating system, which does not support the macro evolutionary hypothesis that selfing should frequently result in evolution of increased susceptibility to generalist herbivores (Johnson et al 2009).…”

Section: Constitutive Differences In Traits Related To Plant Defencecontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…Hence, the induced responses observed both for trichome density and SLA have not led to increased induced resistance against Mamestra cater pillars. This may be because our populations had a high overall constitutive resistance and plants with a high constitutive resistance also tend to have less inducible resistance (Kempel et al 2011;Campbell and Kessler 2013). Hence, we conclude that our experiment provided no evidence that selfing and outcrossing populations differ in their ability to respond to herbivory through induced resistance.…”

Section: Plasticity In Defence Traits and Induced Resistancementioning

confidence: 45%

“…In the Solanaceae, self compatible taxa had a higher inducible resistance than self in compatible taxa (Campbell and Kessler 2013). Here, we found that feeding by caterpillars of the generalist M. brassicae induced an increase of 8 trichomes per cm 2 in trichome density in outcrossing populations of A. lyrata (Table 2).…”

Section: Plasticity In Defence Traits and Induced Resistancementioning

confidence: 49%

“…Our data therefore suggest that A. lyrata plants have a high constitutive resistance against M. brassicae, independent of mating system. Contrastingly, in a comparison among self incompatible and compatible Solanaceae species pairs, self incompatible species had a higher constitutive resistance against caterpillars of the family specialist Manduca sexta (Campbell and Kessler 2013). A similar experiment in the Brassicaceae is needed to test whether our finding of no differences in nutritional quality for M. brassicae caterpillars between selfing and outcrossing populations of A. lyrata represents a family specific pattern, or is specific to A. lyrata.…”

Section: Constitutive Differences In Traits Related To Plant Defencementioning

confidence: 91%

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Costs associated with the evolution of selfing in North American populations of Arabidopsis lyrata?

2015

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Selfing can evolve if the transmission advantage of selfers outweighs the negative effects of inbreeding depression. It has been hypothesised that on the long term, selfing lineages are an evolutionary dead end, in part due to genetic degradation resembling that of Muller's ratchet in asexual lineages. There is a lack of empirical evidence for costs of selfing due to genetic degradation in recently evolved selfers. We tested whether such costs are apparent in recently established selfing populations of the generally outcrossing species Arabidopsis lyrata. Specifically, we compared selfing and outcrossing populations in their growth performance, and for traits that play a putative role in defence against herbivores. In line with our expectations, selfing populations had reduced germination rates, growth however was similar to outcrossing populations. Plants from selfing popu lations showed no consistent reduction in herbivore defence traits, and were equally palatable to caterpillars of the moth Mamestra brassicae. There were also no differences between outcrossers and selfers in phenotypic plasticity for putative defence traits and palatability after induction by herbivores. Overall, we interpret our results as showing some evidence for persistent costs of selfing due to drift or inbreeding load in terms of reduced seedling establishment, but providing no support for the hypothesis that selfing populations should be more susceptible to generalist herbivores, or rely more on induced defence.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Constitutive Differences In Traits Related To Plant Defencecontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Plasticity In Defence Traits and Induced Resistancementioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Plasticity In Defence Traits and Induced Resistancementioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Constitutive Differences In Traits Related To Plant Defencementioning

confidence: 91%

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Costs associated with the evolution of selfing in North American populations of Arabidopsis lyrata?

2015

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Plant Defences against Herbivore Attack

Kessler

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Different from animals, plants can usually not run away from their attackers, such as herbivores, and have thus evolved a diverse arsenal of defences. These defences can be constitutive or inducible, they can be directly affecting the attacker or be mediated by a third organism (indirect defence) and span from physical structures, such as thorns, and reinforced cell walls to chemical defences (plant secondary metabolites) with toxic, antidigestive and antinutritive mechanisms of action. Plant secondary metabolite production is characterised by a very high diversity within and between compound classes, high functional redundancy, and multifunctionality. Moreover, they do not only mediate direct defensive functions by poisoning their attackers, but are the language with which information is transferred between organisms and that meditates complex interactions within the plants' associated communities. Biotechnological, plant breeding and biological control approaches can use the power of natural plant defences to control pests in agriculture, sustainably. Key Concepts Plants employ various direct and indirect mechanisms to defend against herbivores. Direct defences include chemical defences and physical defences. Plant secondary metabolites can mediate direct defences but also function as a vehicle of information transfer between organisms and so mediate complex interactions within the plant‐associated communities. Direct chemical defences can function as toxins, antidigestive or antinutrive agents and so reduce the nutritive value of the plant tissues for an attacking herbivore. Some secondary metabolites and physical structures can facilitate the presence and prey‐search behaviour of natural enemies of herbivores and so mediate indirect resistance. Plant defensive traits, in particular resistance‐mediating metabolites, tend to be functionally redundant, while individual compounds have multiple functions on different levels. Chemical and physical traits can be combined or function synergistically to reduce herbivore pressure. According to optimal defence theory, young tissues of high value to plant fitness tend to be chemically defended, whereas older tissues have relatively strong physical defences. Chemical defences, especially induced chemical defences, are tightly regulated by a complex interaction between endogenous and external elicitors and a subsequent signalling pathway crosstalk. Natural plant defences provide multiple sustainable options for pest control in agriculture.

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Growth rate and life history shape plant resistance to herbivores

Jacobsen

2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Plant defenses are shaped by many factors, including herbivory, lifespan, and mating system. Predictions about plant defense and resistance are often based on resource allocation trade‐offs with plant growth and reproduction. Additionally, two types of plant resistance, constitutive and induced resistance, are predicted to be evolutionary alternatives or redundant strategies. Given the variety of plant trait combinations and non‐mutually exclusive predictions, examining resistance strategies in related species with different combinations of growth and reproductive traits is important to tease apart roles of plant traits and evolutionary history on plant resistance. Methods Phylogenetic comparative methods were used to examine the potentially interacting influences of life history (annual/perennial), mating system (self‐compatible/self‐incompatible), and species growth rates on constitutive resistance and inducibility (additional resistance following damage) across Physalis species (Solanaceae). Results Resistance was evolutionarily labile, and there was no correlation between constitutive resistance and inducibility. Annual species with fast growth rates displayed higher constitutive resistance, but growth rate did not affect constitutive resistance in perennials. In contrast, inducibility was negatively associated with species growth rate regardless of life history or mating system. Conclusions The different effects of plant life history and growth rate on constitutive resistance and inducibility indicate that defensive evolution is unconstrained by a trade‐off between resistance types. The interactions among plant life history, growth, and herbivore resistance show that plant defense is shaped not only by herbivore environment, but also by plant traits that reflect a plant's evolutionary history and local selective pressures.

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Plant mating system transitions drive the macroevolution of defense strategies

Cited by 67 publications

References 68 publications

Costs associated with the evolution of selfing in North American populations of Arabidopsis lyrata?

Costs associated with the evolution of selfing in North American populations of Arabidopsis lyrata?

Plant Defences against Herbivore Attack

Growth rate and life history shape plant resistance to herbivores

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