Plant Metabolites in Plant Defense Against Pathogens

Ramírez-Gómez, Xóchitl Sofía; Jiménez-García, Sandra Neli; Campos, Vicente; Campos, Ma. Lourdes García

doi:10.5772/intechopen.87958

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…More specifically, they show that fruits can contain up to eight times more metabolite quantitative trait loci compared with leaves, indicating that the metabolite levels of leaves are under far greater environmental and probably genetic influence than fruits or seeds. The composition and concentration of plant metabolites can be crucial to mount an effective plant defense response ( Ramírez-Gómez et al, 2019 ). In addition, it has been hypothesized that the changes in the metabolite composition in strawberry fruits lead to changes in disease susceptibility ( Wang et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-Enhanced Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry Fruits (But Not Leaves) Is Associated With Changes in the Rhizosphere Microbiome

Tender

Vandecasteele²,

Verstraeten

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Biochar has been reported to play a positive role in disease suppression against airborne pathogens in plants. The mechanisms behind this positive trait are not well-understood. In this study, we hypothesized that the attraction of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or fungi (PGPF) underlies the mechanism of biochar in plant protection. The attraction of PGPR and PGPF may either activate the innate immune system of plants or help the plants with nutrient uptake. We studied the effect of biochar in peat substrate (PS) on the susceptibility of strawberry, both on leaves and fruits, against the airborne fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Biochar had a positive impact on the resistance of strawberry fruits but not the plant leaves. On leaves, the infection was more severe compared with plants without biochar in the PS. The different effects on fruits and plant leaves may indicate a trade-off between plant parts. Future studies should focus on monitoring gene expression and metabolites of strawberry fruits to investigate this potential trade-off effect. A change in the microbial community in the rhizosphere was also observed, with increased fungal diversity and higher abundances of amplicon sequence variants classified into Granulicella, Mucilaginibacter, and Byssochlamys surrounding the plant root, where the latter two were reported as biocontrol agents. The change in the microbial community was not correlated with a change in nutrient uptake by the plant in either the leaves or the fruits. A decrease in the defense gene expression in the leaves was observed. In conclusion, the decreased infection of B. cinerea in strawberry fruits mediated by the addition of biochar in the PS is most likely regulated by the changes in the microbial community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-Enhanced Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry Fruits (But Not Leaves) Is Associated With Changes in the Rhizosphere Microbiome

Tender

Vandecasteele²,

Verstraeten

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Terpenes serve as essential components of various phytohormones, pigments and sterols. They also serve as allelochemicals, defensive toxins and herbivore deterrents [ 35 ].…”

Section: Understanding the Biosynthesis Of Secondary Plant Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection

Divekar

Narayana

Divekar³

et al. 2022

IJMS

299

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Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways to safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead to synthesis and accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is regulated by the interplay of signaling molecules comprising phytohormones. Plant volatile metabolites are released upon herbivore attack and are capable of directly inducing or priming hormonal defense signaling pathways. Secondary metabolites enable plants to quickly detect herbivore attacks and respond in a timely way in a rapidly changing scenario of pest and environment. Several studies have suggested that the potential for adaptation and/or resistance by insect herbivores to secondary metabolites is limited. These metabolites cause direct toxicity to insect pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms in plants to insect herbivores, and, by recruiting herbivore natural enemies, indirectly protect the plants. Herbivores adapt to secondary metabolites by the up/down regulation of sensory genes, and sequestration or detoxification of toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, herbivores, natural enemies and pollinators. Although the role of secondary metabolites in plant-pollinator interplay has been little explored, several reports suggest that both plants and pollinators are mutually benefited. Molecular insights into the regulatory proteins and genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites will pave the way for the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathway intermediates for improving plant tolerance to herbivores. This review throws light on the role of PSMs in modulating multi-trophic interactions, contributing to the knowledge of plant-herbivore interactions to enable their management in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner.

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“…Synthetic agrochemicals are used to manage weeds, pests, and phytopathogens, thus increasing productivity and food safety. However, long-time usage of these synthetic chemicals may lead to environmental contamination, accumulation of toxic residues and biomagnification through the food chain, development of insect resistance, and threats to humans and non-target organisms [9,103]. These synthetic chemicals produce acute or chronic toxicity in living beings, depending on physicochemical characteristics, concentration and exposure time, route of entry, toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, half-life, metabolism, and elimination), a combination of various pesticides, and the components of their formulation [9].…”

Section: Potential Use Of Apiaceae Extracts As Agrochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These secondary metabolites protect plants from phytopathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, protozoa), predators, UV-B radiation, and drought, and play a role in growth and development. Plants produce several secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenes, carotenoids, alkaloids, and other nitrogen/sulphur-containing compounds [9,10]. Various plant extracts and secondary metabolites are known to have various bioactivities, such as herbicidal, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activities [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apiaceae Family as a Valuable Source of Biocidal Components and their Potential Uses in Agriculture

et al. 2022

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Synthetic chemicals are used to protect crops and agricultural products, thereby producing high yields. However, intensive use of these synthetic chemicals significantly affects the environment and sustainable agriculture production. Moreover, direct or indirect exposure to these synthetic chemicals may cause acute or chronic toxicity in humans and animals. Due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and being environmentally friendly, secondary metabolites derived from plant sources are being studied as a sustainable approach. Apiaceae family crops are a good source of bioactive phytochemicals. Many studies have found that Apiaceae extracts and essential oils possess various biocidal activities: antibacterial, antifungal, herbicidal, insecticidal or repellent, and larvicidal activities, among others. These various potent bioactivities make the Apiaceae an excellent alternative source for synthetic chemicals. In this context, the present review highlights the biocidal activities of some Apiaceae species and their potential applications in agriculture to protect the plant and agricultural products against pests, weeds, phytopathogens, and foodborne and food spoilage microorganisms.

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Plant Metabolites in Plant Defense Against Pathogens

Cited by 17 publications

References 91 publications

Biochar-Enhanced Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry Fruits (But Not Leaves) Is Associated With Changes in the Rhizosphere Microbiome

Biochar-Enhanced Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry Fruits (But Not Leaves) Is Associated With Changes in the Rhizosphere Microbiome

Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection

Apiaceae Family as a Valuable Source of Biocidal Components and their Potential Uses in Agriculture

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