Plant nitrogen acquisition from inorganic and organic sources via root and mycelia pathways in ectomycorrhizal alpine forests

Zhang, Ziliang; Yuan, Yuanshuang; Liu, Qing; Yin, Huajun

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.06.013

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…These orthogroups include subtilases, aspartic proteases, AA3_2 aryl alcohol oxidases, GH12 endoglucanases, and expansin-like proteins among others. The ECM Russulales have kept a few orthologous clusters involved in cellulose degradation, such as glycoside hydrolases GH45 and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs, AA9) that may be involved in the host root penetration or fungal cell wall remodeling (Table S17)(Veneault-Fourrey et al 2014; Krizsán et al 2019; Zhang et al 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary priming and transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit in an iconic lineage of mushroom-forming fungi: is preadaptation a requirement?

Looney

Miyauchi

Morin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is an essential guild of many forested ecosystems and has a dynamic evolutionary history across kingdom Fungi, having independently evolved from diverse types of saprotrophic ancestors. In this study, we seek to identify genomic features of the transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit within the Russulaceae, one of the most diverse lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi. We present comparative analyses of the pangenome and gene repertoires of 21 species across the order Russulales, including a closely related saprotrophic member of Russulaceae. The ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae is inferred to have originated around the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (73.6-60.1 million years ago (MY)). The genomes of the ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae are characterized by a loss of genes for plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), an expansion of genome size through increased transposable element (TE) content, a reduction in secondary metabolism clusters, and an association of genes coding for certain secreted proteins with TE "nests". The saprotrophic sister group of the ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae, Gloeopeniophorella convolvens, possesses some of these aspects (e.g., loss of PCWDE and protease orthologs, TE expansion, reduction in secondary metabolism clusters), resulting from an accelerated rate of gene evolution in the shared ancestor of Russulaceae that predates the evolution of the ectomycorrhizal habit. Genomes of Russulaceae possess a high degree of synteny, including a conserved set of terpene secondary metabolite gene clusters. We hypothesize that the evolution of the ectomycorrhizal habit requires premodification of the genome for plant root association followed by an accelerated rate of gene evolution within the secretome for host-defense circumvention and symbiosis establishment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary priming and transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit in an iconic lineage of mushroom-forming fungi: is preadaptation a requirement?

Looney

Miyauchi

Morin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The simplicity of the MAC genome probably leads to the attenuated rate of monoamine catabolism. Because plants preferred the organic nitrogen resources [35,36], MAC is possibly better adapted to plants as symbiont due to the accumulation of amines than MAA that catabolized amines to ammonia. On the contrary, the production of ammonia benefits MAA for both induction and activation of fungal subtilisin proteases in the process of insect infection [37].…”

Section: Plos Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptamine accumulation caused by deletion of MrMao-1 in Metarhizium genome significantly enhances insecticidal virulence

et al. 2020

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Metarhizium is a group of insect-pathogenic fungi that can produce insecticidal metabolites, such as destruxins. Interestingly, the acridid-specific fungus Metarhizium acridum (MAC) can kill locusts faster than the generalist fungus Metarhizium robertsii (MAA) even without destruxin. However, the underlying mechanisms of different pathogenesis between hostgeneralist and host-specialist fungi remain unknown. This study compared transcriptomes and metabolite profiles to analyze the difference in responsiveness of locusts to MAA and MAC infections. Results confirmed that the detoxification and tryptamine catabolic pathways were significantly enriched in locusts after MAC infection compared with MAA infection and that high levels of tryptamine could kill locusts. Furthermore, tryptamine was found to be capable of activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor of locusts (LmAhR) to produce damaging effects by inducing reactive oxygen species production and immune suppression. Therefore, reducing LmAhR expression by RNAi or inhibitor (SR1) attenuates the lethal effects of tryptamine on locusts. In addition, MAA, not MAC, possessed the monoamine oxidase (Mao) genes in tryptamine catabolism. Hence, deleting MrMao-1 could increase the virulence of generalist MAA on locusts and other insects. Therefore, our study provides a rather feasible way to design novel mycoinsecticides by deleting a gene instead of introducing any exogenous gene or domain. Author summaryMycoinsecticides are widely used in place of chemical pesticides to protect crops from pest damage. Metarhizium spp. fungi specifically live inside the body cavity of insects and can produce insecticidal metabolites, such as beauvericin, destruxins, and taxol. The variable virulence between host-generalist fungus Metarhizium robertsii (MAA) and host-specialist fungus Metarhizium acridum (MAC) to locusts was studied. We found that MAC is PLOS GENETICS PLOS Genetics | https://doi.

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“…It is widely recognized that ECM fungi promote the uptake of N and P in plants. While the root N and P nutrition of ECM plants has been widely studied (Almeida et al., 2019; Franklin et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2019), relatively few studies have attempted to determine the attributions of ECM symbionts to aboveground nutrition in tree species (Koele et al., 2012; Michelsen et al., 1996). In this study, we examined the effects of the variations in ECM symbiosis on root and foliar N and P nutrition in A. faxoniana under varying soil types and climate factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that the ECM symbiosis give priority to the uptake of P but not N when in deficient supplies under different experimental conditions (Almeida et al., 2019; Smith et al., 2011; Zavišić et al., 2016). Moreover, it has been reported that the ECM symbioses sometimes do not largely alleviate N limitation (Franklin et al., 2014; Näsholm et al., 2013) and that plants could obtain N by the root pathway rather than the mycorrhizal symbioses which would require extra C investment under N shortage (Jiang et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient trade‐offs mediated by ectomycorrhizal strategies in plants: Evidence from an Abies species in subalpine forests

Chen

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Over 80% of tree species form ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbionts, which are essential for maintenance of forest ecosystem health and effective soil nutrient uptakes by host trees (Barrett et al., 2011;Smith & Read, 2008). The ECM roots facilitate soil nutrient uptake through branching root tips and emanating hyphae. The ECM-infested roots vary greatly in shape and structural configurations (Agerer, 1987(Agerer, -2006Agerer, 1991) and are functionally differentiated in the capacity of soil exploration range. Agerer (2001) classified the ECM roots into five types based on the extent of soil exploration: the contact exploration (smooth mantle and only a few emanating hyphae), the short-distance exploration (ECM root with a voluminous envelope of emanating hyphae but no rhizomorphs), the medium-distance exploration (ECM root with rhizomorphs), the long-distance exploration (ECM root with long

show abstract

Plant nitrogen acquisition from inorganic and organic sources via root and mycelia pathways in ectomycorrhizal alpine forests

Cited by 58 publications

References 71 publications

Evolutionary priming and transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit in an iconic lineage of mushroom-forming fungi: is preadaptation a requirement?

Evolutionary priming and transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit in an iconic lineage of mushroom-forming fungi: is preadaptation a requirement?

Tryptamine accumulation caused by deletion of MrMao-1 in Metarhizium genome significantly enhances insecticidal virulence

Nutrient trade‐offs mediated by ectomycorrhizal strategies in plants: Evidence from an Abies species in subalpine forests

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