Plant nutrient supply determines competition between phytophagous insects

Staley, James T.; Stafford, David B.; Green, Emma R.; Leather, Simon R.; Rossiter, John T.; Poppy, Guy M.; Wright, Denis J.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1593

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…2008). Staley et al. (2011b) also demonstrated, higher foliar nitrogen concentrations in plants fertilized with Nitram, than unfertilized and chicken manure fertilized plants, with JI Base fertilized plants containing an intermediate concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Glucosinolate contents were not recorded in the current study, but had been recorded in a previous study, which employed identical fertilizer treatments and conditions. Here, aliphatic glucosinolate levels were lowest in the JI Base treatment, most concentrated in Nitram and chicken manure fertilized plants and intermediate in unfertilized plants, however, fertilizer treatment had no effect on indole glucosinolate contents (Staley et al 2011b). Glucosinolates are hydrolysed, typically as a result of tissue damage, to produce a variety of hydrolysis products including isothiocyanates Rossiter 1996, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Effects of organic and conventional fertilizer treatments on host selection by the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae

Pope

Girling

Staley

et al. 2011

J Applied Entomology

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The type and quantity of fertilizer supplied to a crop will differ between organic and conventional farming practices. Altering the type of fertilizer a plant is provided with can influence a plant’s foliar nitrogen levels, as well as the composition and concentration of defence compounds, such as glucosinolates. Many natural enemies of insect herbivores can respond to headspace volatiles emitted by the herbivores’ host plant in response to herbivory. We propose that manipulating fertilizer type may also influence the headspace volatile profiles of plants, and as a result, the tritrophic interactions that occur between plants, their insect pests and those pests’ natural enemies. Here, we investigate a tritrophic system consisting of cabbage plants, Brassica oleracea, a parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae, and one of its hosts, the specialist cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae. Brassica oleracea plants were provided with either no additional fertilization or one of three types of fertilizer: Nitram (ammonium nitrate), John Innes base or organic chicken manure. We investigated whether these changes would alter the rate of parasitism of aphids on those plants and whether any differences in parasitism could be explained by differences in attractivity of the plants to D. rapae or attack rate of aphids by D. rapae. In free‐choice experiments, there were significant differences in the percentage of B. brassicae parasitized by D. rapae between B. oleracea plants grown in different fertilizer treatments. In a series of dual‐choice Y‐tube olfactometry experiments, D. rapae females discriminated between B. brassicae‐infested and undamaged plants, but parasitoids did not discriminate between similarly infested plants grown in different fertilizer treatments. Correspondingly, in attack rate experiments, there were no differences in the rate that D. rapae attacked B. brassicae on B. oleracea plants grown in different fertilizer treatments. These findings are of direct relevance to sustainable and conventional farming practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of organic and conventional fertilizer treatments on host selection by the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae

Pope

Girling

Staley

et al. 2011

J Applied Entomology

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“…For example, the reproductive rate of aphids is associated positively with the amounts of nitrogen in the plant (Zarghami et al, 2010) and these, along with the levels of proteins and carbohydrates, vary as the plant matures (Staley et al, 2011). In the present study, the colonization of kale plants by L. erysimi was markedly higher in P1 than in P2 (Figure 1), a finding that probably reflects the greater concentrations of soluble nitrogen translocated through the phloem in the young leaves of P1 compared with the old leaves of P2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Companion plants associated with kale increase the abundance and species richness of the natural-enemies of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Silva¹,

Silveira²,

Santos³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The effects of intercropping of Brassicaceae with coriander (Coriandrum sativum), dill (Anethum graveolens), African marigold (Tagetes erecta) and calendula (Calendula officinalis) on the abundance, species richness and diversity of predators and parasitoids of Lipaphis erysimi have been assessed. The numbers of aphids, parasitized aphids and natural enemies were determined during two consecutive phases. The first period comprised the vegetative phase of companion plants up to the onset of flowering and the development of kale up to the start of harvesting, while the second period encompassed the late flowering of companion plants up to senescence and the complete harvesting phase of kale. The establishment of L. erysimi and its natural enemies during the first period was enhanced by the climatic conditions and the additional nutritional resources offered by companion plants. Over the complete 13 week period, the abundance of natural enemies in kale intercropped with African marigold, calendula, coriander and dill increased by factors of 3.1, 2.1, 2.0 and 1.6, respectively, compared with the kale monoculture, while species richness increased by 1.8-fold in kale/African marigold intercrop and by a factor of 2.7 in the other treatments. The predominant predators were Syrphidae larvae and Hippodamia convergens whereas the predominant parasitoid was Diaeretiella rapae. The diversity of natural enemies was similar in all crops owing to the high proportion of syrphids in relation to the other groups of insects. The improved resources offered by companion plants can be exploited in the conservative biological control of insect pests.

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“…Abiotic factors such as nutrient supply or drought can also determine whether the interaction between two herbivores results in competition or facilitation (Gange & Brown 1989;Staley et al 2011). Interestingly, this can even occur between herbivores that are located above-and below-ground (Gange & Brown 1989;Staley et al 2007;Erb et al 2011).…”

Section: P L a N T -I N S E C T I N T E R A C T I O N S I N A C H A Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial microbes in a changing environment: are they always helping plants to deal with insects?

et al. 2013

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Summary 1.Plants have a complex immune system that defends them against attackers (e.g. herbivores and microbial pathogens) but that also regulates the interactions with mutualistic organisms (e.g. mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). Plants have to respond to multiple environmental challenges, so they need to integrate both signals associated with biotic and abiotic stresses in the most appropriate response to survive. 2. Beneficial microbes such as rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi can help plants to 'deal' with pathogens and herbivorous insects as well as to tolerate abiotic stress. Therefore, beneficial microbes may play an important role in a changing environment, where abiotic and biotic stresses on plants are expected to increase. The effects of beneficial microbes on herbivores are highly context-dependent, but little is known on what is driving such dependency. Recent evidence shows that abiotic stresses such as changes in soil nutrients, drought and salt stress, as well as ozone can modify the outcome of plant-microbe-insect interactions. 3. Here, we review how abiotic stress can affect plant-microbe, plant-insect and plantmicrobe-insect interactions, and the role of the network of plant signal-transduction pathways in regulating such interactions. 4. Most of the studies on the effects of abiotic stress on plant-microbe-insect interactions show that the effects of microbes on herbivores (positive or negative) are strengthened under stressful conditions. We propose that, at least in part, this is due to the crosstalk of the different plant signalling pathways triggered by each stress individually. By understanding the cross-regulation mechanisms we may be able to predict the possible outcomes of plantmicrobe-insect interactions under particular abiotic stress conditions. We also propose that microbes can help plants to deal with insects mainly under conditions that compromise efficient activation of plant defences. 5. In the context of global change, it is crucial to understand how abiotic stresses will affect species interactions, especially those interactions that are beneficial for plants. The final aim of this review is to stimulate studies unravelling when these 'beneficial' microbes really benefit a plant.

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Plant nutrient supply determines competition between phytophagous insects

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of organic and conventional fertilizer treatments on host selection by the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae

Effects of organic and conventional fertilizer treatments on host selection by the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae

Companion plants associated with kale increase the abundance and species richness of the natural-enemies of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Beneficial microbes in a changing environment: are they always helping plants to deal with insects?

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