Plant oil-derived vitrimers-graphene composites with self-healing ability triggered by multiple stimuli

Jia, Puyou; Lamm, Meghan E.; Sha, Ye; Kurnaz, Leman Buzoglu; Ma, Yufeng; Zhou, Yonghong

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110704

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Observing the self-healing process of materials often involves taking optical photographs of scratch healing. ,,− Elastomeric materials, which typically exhibit high elongation at break (>100%) and low tensile strength (<10 MPa), tend to achieve nearly perfect self-healing results, with scratches becoming virtually invisible after healing. On the other hand, harder materials, characterized by lower elongation at break (<10%) and higher tensile strength (>50 MPa), usually exhibit a thin seam after scratch healing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And vitrimer can be considered as an extremely viscous liquid, , the relaxation modulus should decrease to zero with time. However, it is important to note that not all studies exhibited stress relaxation curves that approached perfection. ,,,,,− In certain cases, the limit of the relaxation modulus deviated from zero, either surpassing ,,,, or falling short of this value. ,, Moreover, variations were observed among studies, wherein the limits of the relaxation modulus for the same material were not consistent. , This discrepancy poses a significant concern in stress relaxation experiments, warranting further attention and investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is important to note that not all studies exhibited stress relaxation curves that approached perfection. 14,15,20,27,33,35−37 In certain cases, the limit of the relaxation modulus deviated from zero, either surpassing 14,20,27,35,36 or falling short of this value. 15,33,34 Moreover, variations were observed among studies, wherein the limits of the relaxation modulus for the same material were not consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polymers that have been studied for their self-healing properties are usually elastomers, such as polyurethanes, which have excellent self-healing properties. − The macroscopic scratch healing experiment is a conventional way to characterize self-healing properties, where the cut polymer recovers after a period of heating, − and the scratch healing experiment has been widely used to study vitrimers. ,,− However, some experiments do not achieve nearly perfect healing results as in the case of self-healing elastomers, and the vast majority of epoxy vitrimer still remains a thin seam after self-healing. ,− Therefore, the self-healing performance of the vitrimer needs to be studied more thoroughly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imine-Containing Epoxy Vitrimer Cured by Active Ester: Properties and Theoretical Analysis

Liu,

Cui

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Vitrimers are polymers possessing a covalent adaptable network (CANs) that can undergo a topological structural transformation under specific conditions, enabling material reprocessing. In this study, an active ester hardener containing imine bonds (TAI) was synthesized, and subsequently, epoxy resin with CANs (epoxy vitrimer, DGEBA/TAI) was prepared, which exhibited excellent thermal stability (initial degradation temperature of 364 °C and char yield at 800 °C of 30%), low water absorption (0.25 wt %), and good dielectric properties (dielectric constant of 3.37 and dielectric loss of 0.013). A comparative scratch healing test between the epoxy vitrimer and conventional epoxy resin showed that the hard vitrimer could not demonstrate self-healing ability and that scratch healing was derived from deformation recovery. The performance of such hard vitrimers should focus on recycling and reprocessing rather than a self-healing capability. Thus, the resin could be effectively recycled and reused by a hot pressing or solvent method, resulting in recycled resins with good tensile strength (70 MPa for hot-press welding and 58 MPa for solvent recycling) compared to the originals (69 MPa). In addition, the vitrimer materials allow shape reconfiguration through a network structure transformation, and an alternative analytical method was proposed to obtain the relaxation time of the vitrimer by fitting the equation of the stress relaxation curve, which could mitigate some of the interferences and provide a method for data reliability verification of the viscoelastic properties of the vitrimer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imine-Containing Epoxy Vitrimer Cured by Active Ester: Properties and Theoretical Analysis

Liu,

Cui

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…TOMA was prepared according to our recent study. 17 Tung oil (100 g, 0.114 mol) and maleic anhydride (10 g, 0.1026 mol) with a molar ratio of 1:0.9 were added into a three-necked flask, and the reaction was ended by heating and stirring at 140 °C for 3.5 h. The free anhydride content was 0.549%. The acid value (A V ) calculation formula for TOMA is as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tung Oil-Based Degradable Vitrimer for Reprocessable and Recyclable Vitrimer–MWCNT Composites with Self-Healing Ability Triggered by Multiple Stimuli

Chen,

Li,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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In order to reduce the overdependence on petroleum-based products, the preparation of functional polymers with renewable resources has become a research hotspot. In this study, tung oil, extracted from tung tree seeds, was introduced to the synthesis of tung maleic anhydride (TOMA) and epoxidized tung oil ethanolamides (ETOE) via a simple modification of the conjugated double bonds and ester bonds of tung oil, and then tung oil-based vitrimers (PETVs) based on a dynamic hydroxyl ester exchange reaction were prepared with different ratios of ETOE to TOMA. Due to the presence of abundant hydroxyl esters and flexible aliphatic long chains, PETVs showed a fast and excellent self-healing performance, and their repair efficiency reached 94.7% at 160 °C for 10 min without any catalyst. In addition, PETVs exhibited excellent mechanical properties, alkali degradability, shape memory properties, and recyclability. Degradation experiments indicated that PETVs could be completely hydrolyzed to small-molecule substances in alkaline solutions. PETV/MWCNT composites (PMs) with excellent electrical and thermal conductivity exhibited rapid self-healing ability under the conditions of electrical, infrared radiation, and heating. Compared to conventional petroleum-based thermoset polymers, PETVs with the advantages of environmental friendliness and sustainability could provide a practical strategy to prepare high-performance vitrimers from renewable materials.

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A Multifunctional Bio‐Based Polyester Material Integrated with High Mechanical Performance, Gas Barrier Performance, and Chemically Closed‐Loop

Li,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The development of multifunctional bio‐based materials with closed‐loop chemically recyclable plastics can be a paramount response to the worldwide plastic waste predicament. However, the trade‐off dilemma between the high performance and easy recycling performance of these materials still encounters huge challenges. In this contribution, inspired by the significant contribution of the hydrogen bonding networks to enhanced mechanical and gas barrier performance as well as the cosolvents to enhance recycling performance, a novel polyester material (PBHyF) synthesized by bio‐based monomers that integrate high‐performance and efficient chemical closed‐loop is presented. PBHyF show ultra‐high mechanical properties (83.2 MPa, 233.9%) and barrier properties (CO2 0.0157 barrer, O2 0.0071 barrer, H2O 5.518E‐15 g·cm/cm2·s·Pa) that are greater than bio‐based materials and most engineering plastics of previous work. More significantly, PBHyF also exhibits multifunctionality with excellent ultraviolet shielding properties, solvent‐resistant properties, and easy recycling performance. The initial monomers of PBHyF can be obtained in exceptional yields (>90.0%) and purity (>99.0%) under mild conditions by a simple energy‐efficient rapid chemical‐solvolysis strategy, even with polyolefin blend plastics. Further possesses similar high‐performance repolymerized polyester comparable to the polyester before recycling. Hence, these state‐of‐art high‐performance and easy‐recycling bio‐based materials provide a new approach for a green, sustainable material economy.

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Plant oil-derived vitrimers-graphene composites with self-healing ability triggered by multiple stimuli

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Imine-Containing Epoxy Vitrimer Cured by Active Ester: Properties and Theoretical Analysis

Imine-Containing Epoxy Vitrimer Cured by Active Ester: Properties and Theoretical Analysis

Tung Oil-Based Degradable Vitrimer for Reprocessable and Recyclable Vitrimer–MWCNT Composites with Self-Healing Ability Triggered by Multiple Stimuli

A Multifunctional Bio‐Based Polyester Material Integrated with High Mechanical Performance, Gas Barrier Performance, and Chemically Closed‐Loop

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