Plant origin determines seed mass, seed nutrients and germination behavior of a dominant grass species

Abstract

12Although number of studies exploring effects of climate change on plants is increasing, only 13 few studies pay attention to germination. Understanding of germination behaviour is 14 complicated by impact of climate on seed mass and possibly also seed nutrients, which play 15 irreplaceable role in nourishing the sprout. The germination behaviour of species may also 16 depend on trade-off between generative and vegetative reproduction. 17 We studied Festuca rubra originating from localities situated along a natural climatic 18 grid. Seeds of different origin were germinated in two temperature and two moisture regimes, 19 simulating the extremes of the grid. To study relationship between generative and vegetative 20 reproduction we used data on vegetative traits originating from the same study system. 21Seed mass and nutrient concentrations (nitrogen and phosphorus) were significantly 22 affected by original climate, while carbohydrates not. Higher seed mass and warm temperature 23 of origin caused higher and faster germination. Warm and dry condition during germination 24 caused the lowest germination but the highest seed viability. Total germination and proportion 25 of viable seeds negatively correlated with plant performance variables contributing to 26 vegetative reproduction. Despite this, the patterns detected using datasets of germination and 27 plant performance, did not provide fully comparable results. 28Simulated changes in climatic condition can modify seed mass and seed nutrients and 29 these changes translate into changes in species germination behavior. After accounting for seed 30 mass, both original and target conditions determine species germination indicating that both 31 genetic differentiation as well as actual conditions drive the germination patterns. As the 32 patterns detected at the level of seed germination do not fully match those detected for the 33 vegetative traits, we urge that future studies should focus on multiple stages of plant life to 34 understand species responses to future climates. 35 36 37 38 content, effect of original condition 39 73 intra-specifically due to species adaptation to the climate of origin (Meyer, Allen and Beckstead 74 1997) (Qaderi and Cavers 2002) (Degreef et al. 2002). Many studies, for example, demonstrated 75 that populations of a single species differ in germination percentage with populations coming 76 from the warmest conditions having the highest germination (Cruz et al. 2003) (Ndihokubwayo, 77 Nguyen and Cheng 2016) (Santo, Mattana and Baechetta 2015) (Bauk et al. 2017) (Mira, Arnal 78 and Perez-Garcia 2017). In addition, the differences between seeds of different origin may 79 depend on the actual conditions in which the seeds are produced (Veselá at al. submitted). 80 Effect of seed origin on germination response could be also caused by different seed 81 mass and nutrient content in the seeds because favorable conditions can contribute to higher 82 seed reserve and thus to higher seed mass. Relationship between seed mass and germinat...

Plant Origin, but Not Phylogeny, Drive Species Ecophysiological Response to Projected Climate

“…For both seed germination and seedling survival, it is also possible that our plants have suffered reduced fitness due to low genetic diversity of the populations or due to poor seed development due to unfavorable conditions at the maternal sites. Both these mechanisms have been previously suggested to affect seed germination and seedling survival (e.g., Dostálek et al, 2010;Münzbergová and Plačková, 2010;Veselá et al, 2020). We, however, assume that the other mechanisms suggested above are more likely as they concern many species and populations.…”

Maternal effects strengthen interactions of temperature and precipitation, determining seed germination of dominant alpine grass species

“…The effects of temperature and moisture on seed germination may also interact, and the interaction may be more important than either variable alone (e.g., Rivas‐Arancibia et al, 2006; Walck et al, 2011; Gurvich et al, 2017). Most importantly, it has been shown that temperature increase is likely more important for seed germination when coupled with a simultaneous decrease in moisture (Gurvich et al, 2017; Veselá et al, 2020b [Preprint]). There are studies of these interactive effects on germination using species from arid regions (e.g., Rivas‐Arancibia et al, 2006; Gurvich et al, 2017; Flores et al, 2017).…”

“…There are studies of these interactive effects on germination using species from arid regions (e.g., Rivas‐Arancibia et al, 2006; Gurvich et al, 2017; Flores et al, 2017). To our knowledge, for alpine environments in which a decrease in germination in warm, dry conditions was found, only two such studies exist (Orsenigo et al, 2015; Veselá et al, 2020b [Preprint]).…”

“…In this respect, seed germination is a key life‐history transition since the early developmental stages of plants are expected to be more sensitive to climate change than the adult stages (Lloret et al, 2004; Fay and Schultz, 2009; Dalgleish et al, 2010). The response of seed germination to temperature has been extensively studied (e.g., Baskin and Baskin 1994; Schütz and Rave, 1999; Gardain et al, 2011; Rosbakh and Poschlod, 2015); studies exploring the germination response of wild species to variation in moisture are less common (but see, e.g., Rühl et al, 2015; Wen et al, 2015; Veselá et al, 2020b [Preprint]). The effects of temperature and moisture on seed germination may also interact, and the interaction may be more important than either variable alone (e.g., Rivas‐Arancibia et al, 2006; Walck et al, 2011; Gurvich et al, 2017).…”

Respon Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Terhadap Asal Benih dan Berbagai Perlakuan Pematahan Dormansi

“…Hal ini sejalan dengan pernyataan (Singh et al, 2006) bahwa panjang biji, lebar biji dan berat biji dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian tempat asal benih tersebut. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian (Vesela et al, 2020) bahwa benih yang berasal dari dataran rendah memberikan nilai yang lebih tinggi dan lebih cepat dalam perkecambahan dibandingkan dengan asal benih dataran tinggi, hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh periode vegetasi yang lebih lama di dataran rendah sehingga benih dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik (Milbau et al, 2009;Meineri et al, 2013).…”