Plant-parasitic nematodes of strawberry in Egypt: a review

Abstract

Egypt is experiencing a revival of the strawberry cultivation backed by its Mediterranean climate, fertile soils, and geographic location which support high production and profitability of such a specialty crop. These factors can collectively offer early fruiting and long harvest season, good quality, low production costs, and closeness of export markets. However, plantparasitic nematodes (PPNs) rank high among pests and diseases that can cause considerable yield losses in the crop size and quality. The nematode losses vary according to nematode species, population density, and biotic and abiotic factors. Interaction of nematodes with soil-borne fungi increases the severity of disease, and their synergistic effect may result in much higher losses. Therefore, important PPNs on strawberry in Egypt and issues relevant to strawberry yield losses are presented herein. Meloidogyne spp. are the most predominant species on strawberry plants in Egypt. Integration of different methods such as cultural, chemical use of resistant cultivars and naturally occurring biological control agents suggested herein can play a significant role in sustainable nematode pest management of strawberry. For nurseries, there is an urgent need to motivate private and governmental sectors to satisfy the requirement of our national certified strawberry seedlings.

Evaluation The Effect of Intercropping Garlic with Grapevines on Productivity, Phytoremediation, Competitive Indices and Plant Parasitic Nematode Community تقييم تأثير تحميل الثوم مع العنب على الإنتاجية والمعالجة النباتية والعلاقات التنافسية ومجتمع النيماتودا المتطفلة على النبات

“…The combination between different control methods (cultural, chemical, resistant cultivars, intercropping and naturally occurring biological control agents) could be playing a significant role in the management of phytonematodes (Abd-Elgawad, 2019).…”

Factors affecting success of biological agents used in controlling the plant-parasitic nematodes

“…Additional formulation and application methods should be continuously developed to offer effective and/or inexpensive biocontrol programs. Improved application tactics that may be further tested for PPN control include spraying BCAs on the plant rhizospheres, putting them in "tea bags" as a slow release system, or dipping seedling roots into BCA suspensions (Askary et al 2017;Abd-Elgawad 2019b). These techniques also cut short the volume/amount of BCAs which consequently save costs.…”

Managing nematodes in Egyptian citrus orchards

“…The product contains either 17% or 35% chloropicrin. Telone C35, applied in combination with a separate herbicide for weed management, was reported as the best chemical alternative replacing MB for achieving effective PPN control and superior strawberry production (Noling 2016;Abd-Elgawad 2019a). That is because under-canopy weed growth may reduce nematicide effectiveness (Duncan et al 2019) in addition to sharing with the tree in its nutrition.…”