Plant peroxisomes: A nitro-oxidative cocktail

Abstract

Although peroxisomes are very simple organelles, research on different species has provided us with an understanding of their importance in terms of cell viability. In addition to the significant role played by plant peroxisomes in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), data gathered over the last two decades show that these organelles are an endogenous source of nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules called reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Molecules such as NO and H2O2 act as retrograde signals among the different cellular compartments, thus facilitating integral cellular adaptation to physiological and environmental changes. However, under nitro-oxidative conditions, part of this network can be overloaded, possibly leading to cellular damage and even cell death. This review aims to update our knowledge of the ROS/RNS metabolism, whose important role in plant peroxisomes is still underestimated. However, this pioneering approach, in which key elements such as β-oxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NO have been mainly described in relation to plant peroxisomes, could also be used to explore peroxisomes from other organisms.

Systemic changes in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii

“…). Peroxisomes are organelles in which H 2 O 2 plays an important role in numerous metabolic processes (Corpas et al ., ). Our results demonstrated that peroxisomes were numerous and large in mesophyll cells of leaves from nematode‐infected A. thaliana plants over the entire examination period, but especially at 15 dpi (Fig.…”

Impact of heat and drought stress on peroxisome proliferation in quinoa

“…Reactive oxygen species play a dual role in stress response: low ROS levels initiate adaptation mechanisms (del Río et al ., ; Corpas, ; del Río and López‐Huertas, ; Corpas et al ., ; Raja et al ., ; Corpas and Barroso, ), whereas high ROS levels cause oxidative damage to cellular components, which compromise plant viability (Foyer and Noctor, ; Sharma et al ., ; Das and Roychoudhury, ; Mittler, ). In our experiments, all examined stress treatments caused a significant increase in H 2 O 2 content in quinoa leaves.…”

“…One of the key components of the ROS scavenging system are peroxisomes, the small ubiquitous globular organelles of approximately 1 μm in diameter bounded with a single membrane (De Duve and Baudhuin, ). Peroxisomes contain an efficient ROS‐scavenging system that includes the antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione, and several antioxidant enzymes including dehydro‐ and monodehydro‐ascorbate reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxiredoxins, superoxide dismutase and catalase (Nyathi and Baker, ; Cruz de Carvalho, ; Corpas et al ., ). Catalase was shown to play a role in scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under stress conditions including drought in all thus far examined plant species, including maize, sunflower and rice (Apel and Hirt, ; Cruz de Carvalho, ).…”

Peroxisomes: versatile organelles with diverse roles in plants

“…The presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was confirmed biochemically in various species (reviewed in Corpas et al, 2017), and a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (CSD3) was identified in multiple Arabidopsis peroxisome proteomic studies (reviewed in . The presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was confirmed biochemically in various species (reviewed in Corpas et al, 2017), and a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (CSD3) was identified in multiple Arabidopsis peroxisome proteomic studies (reviewed in .…”