Plant Polyphenol Intake Alters Gene Expression in Canine Leukocytes

Salas, Anna Santos; Subirada, Francesc; Pérez‐Enciso, Miguel; Blanch, Francesc; Jeusette, Isabelle; Romano, Victor; Torre, Celina

doi:10.1159/000200018

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Our aim was to assess the safety of a polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry (PEGB; from the Neurophenols Consortium) for dogs, by monitoring early biomarkers of renal damage over a 24-week period. This work considerably extends the previous study periods reported, where platelet effects, and gene expression profiles, were interrogated after 7 days, or 3 months of supplement use [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The PEGB doses ranged from 4 to 40 mg/kg/d, the intentional dose for dogs facing cognitive decline being 4 mg/kg/d [as recommended by the Neurophenols Consortium]. In studies where dogs were fed supplements with grape seed/skin extract at 20 mg/kg/d [ 5 ], or grape seed proanthocyanidins at 5 mg/kg/d [ 6 ], symptoms related to acute renal failure were not reported. In the group given the PEGB at 4 mg/kg/d, the dose of grape extract was beneath these previously reported doses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies reporting grape extract consumption in dogs (using grape seed and skin extracts, or grape seed proanthocyanidins), or grape pomace in aged dogs have, to date, not reported any side effects [ 1 , 5 , 6 ]. However, acute renal failure has been reported in dogs after their consumption of grapes, with kidney histopathology revealing tubular degeneration leading to necrosis, particularly in the proximal tubule [ 7 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A mixed grape and blueberry extract is safe for dogs to consume

Martineau¹,

Leray²,

Lepoudère³

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundGrape and blueberry extracts are known to protect against age-related cognitive decline. However, beneficial effects achieved by mixing grape and blueberry extracts have yet to be evaluated in dogs, or their bioavailability assessed. Of concern to us were cases of acute renal failure in dogs, after their ingestion of grapes or raisins. The European Pet Food Industry Federation (2013) considers only the grape or raisin itself to be potentially dangerous; grape-seed extracts per-se, are not considered to be a threat. Our aim was therefore to evaluate the renal and hepatic safety, and measure plasma derivatives of a polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry (PEGB; from the Neurophenols Consortium) in dogs. Polyphenol expression was analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS over 8 hours, for dogs given PEGB at 4 mg/kg. Safety was evaluated using four groups of 6 dogs. These groups received capsules containing no PEGB (control), or PEGB at 4, 20, or 40 mg/kg BW/d, for 24 weeks. Blood and urine samples were taken the week prior to study commencement, then at the end of the 24-wk study period. Routine markers of renal and liver damage, including creatinine (Creat), blood urea nitrogen, albumin, minerals, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine transaminase (ALT) were measured. Biomarkers for early renal damage were also evaluated in plasma (cystatin C (CysC), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)), and urine (CysC, clusterin (Clu), and NGAL). Ratios of urinary biomarkers to Creat were calculated, and compared with acceptable maximal values obtained for healthy dogs, as reported in the literature.ResultsWhile several PEGB-specific polyphenols and metabolites were detected in dog plasma, at the end of the PEGB consumption period, our biomarker analyses presented no evidence of either renal or liver damage (Creat, BUN, ionogram, albumin and ALT, ALP). Similarly, no indication of early renal damage could be detected. Plasma CysC, urinary CysC/Creat, Clu/Creat, and NGAL/Creat ratios were all beneath reported benchmarked maximums, with no evidence of PEGB toxicity.ConclusionsLong-term consumption of a pet specific blend of a polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry (PEGB; from the Neurophenols Consortium), was not associated with renal or hepatic injury, and can therefore be considered safe.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A mixed grape and blueberry extract is safe for dogs to consume

Martineau¹,

Leray²,

Lepoudère³

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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“…The imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body's antioxidant systems to eliminate them is known as oxidative stress. The inclusion of natural ingredients with antioxidant properties has been investigated in companion animals (Salas et al, 2008;Ogoshi et al, 2016), mainly because supplementation with synthetic antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), has been perceived as unwanted by the owners. The present study evaluated the alterations of the oxidative stress markers in adult dogs fed with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids from the mixture of soybean oil enriched with DHA supplemented with natural algae-based antioxidant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the oxidative status of adult dogs

Pacheco

Bortolin

Chaves

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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The present study evaluated the alterations of the oxidative stress markers in adult dogs fed with high levels of PUFA from the mixture of soybean oil enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and supplemented with a natural algae-based antioxidant (AOX). Twelve healthy adult (2 years old) Beagle dogs (6 males and 6 females, 11.20 ± 1.92 kg BW), were distributed in 2 completely randomized blocks design and fed with 4 experimental diets coated with 2 lipid sources: saturated (13% bovine tallow) or unsaturated (13% soybean oil enriched with DHA), supplemented or not with 500 mg of AOX for 4 wk, intercalated with a 4-wk adaptation period. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30 of each block. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), sulfhydryl group (SH), protein carbonylation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) were evaluated in the serum, while GSH-Px, SOD, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), SH, and TBARS were measured in erythrocytes. There was no significant difference in most of the oxidative markers evaluated. In contrast, GST activity in erythrocytes was greater in the animals that consumed the diets coated with bovine tallow compared to dogs that consumed diets coated with soybean oil enriched with DHA (P < 0.05). Serum from dogs fed on diets supplemented with AOX presented greater TRAP values (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UNS) used in the diets for dogs were not sufficient to cause large changes in the oxidative status. It was not possible to evaluate the efficiency of the natural antioxidant in maintaining the oxidative balance of the animals as it appears that the oxidative status of the dogs was not challenged by the unsaturated diets. Our findings also suggest that dogs, as descendants from carrion carnivores, may have some natural protection against oxidation.

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“…Citrus and Curcuma longa are known sources of polyphenols. In companion animals, citrus extract containing the polyphenols hesperidin and naringin has been shown to decrease plasma lipids and to have anti-inflammatory activity ( 4 , 5 ) . C. longa (turmeric) extracts, particularly the dietary polyphenol curcumin, have been shown to possess beneficial properties, especially anti-inflammatory properties ( 6 ) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of citrus polyphenol- and curcumin-supplemented diet on inflammatory state in obese cats

et al. 2011

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Among obesity-associated disorders, low-grade inflammation has been described. The putative therapeutic properties of citrus and curcumin polyphenols could be associated with their anti-inflammatory properties. Two diets supplemented either with hesperidin (0·05 %) and naringin (0·1 %) from citrus extract or with highly bioavailable curcumin from Curcuma longa extract (0·09 %) were fed to eight obese cats for two 8-week periods (cross-over study design) while maintaining animals in an obese state. Plasma acute-phase protein (APP; a1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) levels were assessed before and at the end of each test period. TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, transforming growth factor-b, interferon (IFN)-g mRNA levels were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by real-time PCR. Compared with pre-study values, supplementation with citrus polyphenols resulted in lower plasma AGP and haptoglobin concentrations, while that with curcumin resulted in lower plasma AGP concentration. There were no differences between the supplementations. TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, transforming growth factor-b, mRNA levels remained unaffected by either dietary supplementation. In contrast, IFN-g and IL-2 mRNA levels were lower at the end of the citrus and the curcumin supplementation, respectively. There were no differences between the supplementations. The present study results show a slight effect of citrus and curcumin supplementation on inflammatory markers expressed by PBMC, and a decreased concentration of APP, which are mainly expressed by the liver. This would confirm that hesperidin and naringin or highly bioavailable curcumin extract have beneficial effects, targeted in the liver and could improve the obesity-related inflammatory state.

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Plant Polyphenol Intake Alters Gene Expression in Canine Leukocytes

Cited by 7 publications

References 105 publications

A mixed grape and blueberry extract is safe for dogs to consume

A mixed grape and blueberry extract is safe for dogs to consume

Effects of the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the oxidative status of adult dogs

Effect of citrus polyphenol- and curcumin-supplemented diet on inflammatory state in obese cats

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