Plant Proton Pumps and Cytosolic pH-Homeostasis

Cosse, Maike; Seidel, Thorsten

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.672873

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Looking at signaling subnetworks revealed organelle-specificity for thioredoxins with plasma membranes and plastidic clusters, while 14-3-3 proteins showed no organelle specificity ( Figure 3 ). Furthermore, the 14-3-3 subnetwork contains primary active transporters such as proton pumps and calcium pumps, pointing to a role of 14-3-3 proteins in regulating calcium and pH-homeostasis, as recently suggested for pH [ 163 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Interactome of Arabidopsis Thaliana

Yılmaz

Paulic

Seidel

2022

Plants

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More than 95,000 protein–protein interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana have been published and deposited in databases. This dataset was supplemented by approximately 900 additional interactions, which were identified in the literature from the years 2002–2021. These protein–protein interactions were used as the basis for a Cytoscape network and were supplemented with data on subcellular localization, gene ontologies, biochemical properties and co-expression. The resulting network has been exemplarily applied in unraveling the PPI-network of the plant vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase), which was selected due to its central importance for the plant cell. In particular, it is involved in cellular pH homeostasis, providing proton motive force necessary for transport processes, trafficking of proteins and, thereby, cell wall synthesis. The data points to regulation taking place on multiple levels: (a) a phosphorylation-dependent regulation by 14-3-3 proteins and by kinases such as WNK8 and NDPK1a, (b) an energy-dependent regulation via HXK1 and the glucose receptor RGS1 and (c) a Ca2+-dependent regulation by SOS2 and IDQ6. The known importance of V-ATPase for cell wall synthesis is supported by its interactions with several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis. The resulting network was further analyzed for (experimental) biases and was found to be enriched in nuclear, cytosolic and plasma membrane proteins but depleted in extracellular and mitochondrial proteins, in comparison to the entity of protein-coding genes. Among the processes and functions, proteins involved in transcription were highly abundant in the network. Subnetworks were extracted for organelles, processes and protein families. The degree of representation of organelles and processes reveals limitations and advantages in the current knowledge of protein–protein interactions, which have been mainly caused by a high number of database entries being contributed by only a few publications with highly specific motivations and methodologies that favor, for instance, interactions in the cytosol and the nucleus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Interactome of Arabidopsis Thaliana

Yılmaz

Paulic

Seidel

2022

Plants

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“…Plant plasma membrane H + -ATPases ( H + - pumping ATPase ) have many family members. This notion is supported by the fact that 10 plasma membrane H + -ATPases have been found in the model plant Arabidopsis genome [ 14 , 18 , 19 ]: 10 in rice [ 20 ], 12 in tomato [ 21 ], 4 in maize [ 22 ], 8 in Marchantia polymorpha [ 23 ], 10 in cucumber [ 24 ], 7 in potato [ 25 ], 9 in tobacco [ 26 ], and 13 in sunflower [ 27 ] genomes.…”

Section: Roles Of Plasma Membrane H + -Atpases and Multiple Transporters In Cytosolic Ph Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytosolic pH homeostasis is mainly controlled by the following three factors: first, chemical buffering components which comprise bicarbonate, phosphate, protein buffers (e.g., the imidazol group of histidine), etc. [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]; second, cytosolic H + consumption and H + generation by metabolism [ 5 , 8 , 13 ]; and third, the direct H + flux across the plasma membrane and endomembrane [ 1 , 7 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison with numerous reviews that concentrate on the organelle-located proteins which are responsible for H + flux across the endomembrane [ 1 , 6 , 7 ], summaries regarding proteins that are directly involved in H + efflux/influx across the plasma membrane are scarce, except regarding plasma membrane H + -ATPases [ 14 , 17 ]. However, the topic with which we are concerned is not included in the two above-mentioned studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Cytosolic pH: The Contributions of Plant Plasma Membrane H+-ATPases and Multiple Transporters

Zhou¹,

Hao

Yang

2021

IJMS

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Cytosolic pH homeostasis is a precondition for the normal growth and stress responses in plants, and H+ flux across the plasma membrane is essential for cytoplasmic pH control. Hence, this review focuses on seven types of proteins that possess direct H+ transport activity, namely, H+-ATPase, NHX, CHX, AMT, NRT, PHT, and KT/HAK/KUP, to summarize their plasma-membrane-located family members, the effect of corresponding gene knockout and/or overexpression on cytosolic pH, the H+ transport pathway, and their functional regulation by the extracellular/cytosolic pH. In general, H+-ATPases mediate H+ extrusion, whereas most members of other six proteins mediate H+ influx, thus contributing to cytosolic pH homeostasis by directly modulating H+ flux across the plasma membrane. The fact that some AMTs/NRTs mediate H+-coupled substrate influx, whereas other intra-family members facilitate H+-uncoupled substrate transport, demonstrates that not all plasma membrane transporters possess H+-coupled substrate transport mechanisms, and using the transport mechanism of a protein to represent the case of the entire family is not suitable. The transport activity of these proteins is regulated by extracellular and/or cytosolic pH, with different structural bases for H+ transfer among these seven types of proteins. Notably, intra-family members possess distinct pH regulatory characterization and underlying residues for H+ transfer. This review is anticipated to facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis for cytosolic pH homeostasis. Despite this progress, the strategy of their cooperation for cytosolic pH homeostasis needs further investigation.

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“…In plants, cellular pH has been reported to be mainly regulated by proton pumps including the plasma membrane ATPase (PM-ATPase), the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase), the vacuolar pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) [ 6 , 7 ] and Na + /H + antiporter (NHX) [ 8 ]. PM-ATPase hydrolyzes ATP to release H + , which is then exported out of the cell by PM-ATPase [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tiny Companion Matters: The Important Role of Protons in Active Transports in Plants

Cheng

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In plants, the translocation of molecules, such as ions, metabolites, and hormones, between different subcellular compartments or different cells is achieved by transmembrane transporters, which play important roles in growth, development, and adaptation to the environment. To facilitate transport in a specific direction, active transporters that can translocate their substrates against the concentration gradient are needed. Examples of major active transporters in plants include ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, monosaccharide transporters (MSTs), sucrose transporters (SUTs), and amino acid transporters. Transport via ABC transporters is driven by ATP. The electrochemical gradient across the membrane energizes these secondary transporters. The pH in each cell and subcellular compartment is tightly regulated and yet highly dynamic, especially when under stress. Here, the effects of cellular and subcellular pH on the activities of ABC transporters, MATE transporters, MSTs, SUTs, and amino acid transporters will be discussed to enhance our understanding of their mechanics. The relation of the altered transporter activities to various biological processes of plants will also be addressed. Although most molecular transport research has focused on the substrate, the role of protons, the tiny counterparts of the substrate, should also not be ignored.

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Plant Proton Pumps and Cytosolic pH-Homeostasis

Cited by 34 publications

References 93 publications

Interactome of Arabidopsis Thaliana

Interactome of Arabidopsis Thaliana

Regulation of Cytosolic pH: The Contributions of Plant Plasma Membrane H+-ATPases and Multiple Transporters

The Tiny Companion Matters: The Important Role of Protons in Active Transports in Plants

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