Plant Regeneration through Indirect Organogenesis in Two Cultivars of Pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i> L.)

Abstract

Unavailability of performant planting material of pineapple constitutes a major problem of its cultivation in Africa. For this purpose, indirect organogenesis technique is used to evaluate the in vitro responses of two cultivars of pineapple during the explant's regeneration. Calli were induced from crown leaf and plantlets leaf of "Smooth Cayenne" and "Sugarloaf cultivars". Murashige and Skoog medium with vitamins B5 supplemented with different growth regulators combinations were used. BAP and/or 2,4-D have been added to base medium for calli cells' differentiation while BAP and GA3 have been added for plant elongation. The results indicated that explants from regenerated plantlets leaves cultivated on MS supplemented with copper (II) sulphate 5-hydrate concentrations incorporated had significant (p < 0.0001) influence on callus induction in pineapple cultivars. Likewise, MS medium with NAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1 mg/l) had a highly significant influence with 8.8 differentiated Calli. Also, MS medium supplemented with BAP (3 mg/l) + GA3 (2 mg/l) for the "smooth Cayenne" had significantly influenced (p < 0.0001) Calli regeneration with a high rate of 55.25% plantlets. MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l of NAA + 0 mg/l IBA produced a high number of roots in Sugarloaf whereas the medium containing 1.5 mg/l NAA + 0.5 mg/l (IBA) produced high number of roots in smooth Cayenne. We have established an efficient and reproducible protocol for mass propagation and genetic transformation of pineapple though indirect organogenesis. This protocol may be used in genetics engineering studies for pineapple breeding.