Plant Regulators alter Translocation of Photosynthetic Products

Shindy, Wasfy W.; Weaver, Robert J.

doi:10.1038/2141024a0

Cited by 48 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Our results support the hypothesis that transport of photosynthetically assimilated "CO2 is controlled by plant hormones (3,10,17,22,29). Benzyladenine has been shown to increase the movement of "C-assimilates into fruit clusters (39), shoot tips (32,33), and leaves (34) of grapevines. Tognoni et al (38) found that BA added to a solution culture increased the weight of bean roots.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Benzyladenine-induced Movement of ¹⁴C-Labeled Photosynthate into Roots of Vitis vinifera

Shindy

Kliewer²,

Weaver³

1973

Plant Physiol.

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Roots of Vitis vinifera L., were treated with benzyladenine when the plant shoots were 38 cm long. Seventy-two hours after benzyladenine treatment, apical or basal leaves on separate shoots were exposed to 14CO2. Control (28) of Vitis vinifera. Recent evidence (19,35) indicates that cytokinins are formed in the roots of grapevines, are readily transported to other parts, and exert control over translocation of photosynthate.The objectives of our investigation were to determine the effect of BA applied to grapevine roots on the movement and distribution of labeled photosynthate from leaves treated with "CO, and to determine if BA affects the distribution of 14C in sugars, amino acids, and organic acids transported to various parts of the vine. MATERIALS AND METHODSRootings of Vitis vinifera L. "French Colombard" were greenhouse-grown in Perlite ("Sponge Rok") in 3.7-liter containers. Plants were irrigated periodically with half-strength Hoagland No. 1 solution (9). The following experiments were done when the average length of the shoot was 30 to 38 cm. 'Present address:

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Gunning and Barkley (6) reported movement of "C-labeled photosynthate as the result of cytokinin treatment. Shindy and Weaver (33,34) indicated that application of BA2 to either leaves or shoots of Vitis vinifera affected the movement of photosynthate.…”

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Benzyladenine-induced Movement of ¹⁴C-Labeled Photosynthate into Roots of Vitis vinifera

Shindy

Kliewer²,

Weaver³

1973

Plant Physiol.

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“…From a newly exporting leaf, movement is acropetal to the young leaves and shoot apex, but, with continuing growth ofthe shoot and the production of new leaves, photosynthate movement from the same leaf becomes basipetal. The pattern of photosynthate movement in the grapevine may also be altered as a result of exogenous application of herbicides (3) and growth regulators (6), indicating that changes in the relative activity, or sink capacity, of the different growth centers may influence the pattern of distribution of assimilates in the phloem system.…”

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Modification of Pattern of Photosynthate Movement within and between Shoots of Vitis vinifera L

Quinlan

Weaver

1970

Plant Physiol.

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During the prebloom and bloom stages, no movement of labeled photosynthates occurred from a shoot of Vitis vinifera L. fed with 14CO2, to an adjacent shoot on the same spur.Movement of labeled assimilates into the unfed shoot was induced when this shoot was sprayed with 2.89 X 1O-3 The distribution of photosynthetic products from single leaves on shoots of Vitis vinifera L. has been described previously (2). During the period of shoot growth, the direction of photosynthate movement from a given source leaf changes. From a newly exporting leaf, movement is acropetal to the young leaves and shoot apex, but, with continuing growth ofthe shoot and the production of new leaves, photosynthate movement from the same leaf becomes basipetal. The pattern of photosynthate movement in the grapevine may also be altered as a result of exogenous application of herbicides (3) and growth regulators (6), indicating that changes in the relative activity, or sink capacity, of the different growth centers may influence the pattern of distribution of assimilates in the phloem system.In the experiments described here, 14CO2 and autoradiography were used to investigate the plasticity of phloem movement within and between adjacent shoots of the grapevine during the early part of the season through observation of the effects of growth substance application, leaf darkening, partial defoliation, shoot tip removal, and deblossoming on the pattern of photosynthate movement. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe grapevines used were mature vines of the variety "Muscat of Alexandria" growing in a vineyard at the University of California, Davis. A second experiment was carried out at the beginning of the bloom stage; as in the previous experiment uniform pairs of adjacent shoots were selected. A single leaf near the base of one of the shoots was fed with 50 ,uc of '4CO2, and movement of labeled assimilates into the second shoot was examined when this shoot was (a) darkened, (b) defoliated, (c) untreated but with the fed shoot decapitated (upper 7.5 cm removed) and deblossomed, (d) untreated. Darkening was achieved by enclosing the shoot in a shade constructed from aluminum foil. The defoliation, darkening, decapitation, and deblossoming treatments were applied 24 hr before the "4CO2 treatment, and the shoots were prepared for autoradiography 24 hr after the "CO2 was supplied.In the third experiment, carried out during the berry set stage, an examination was made of the effect of darkening, defoliation, and decapitation on the distribution of photosynthates within a single shoot. Uniform shoots, each having a single fruit cluster, were selected from several widely spaced vines. One leaf per shoot, either an upper leaf (newly, fully expanded) or a lower leaf (directly above the fruit cluster), was fed with 50 ,llc of 4CO2. Twenty-four hours before the '4CO2 was supplied the shoots were treated as follows. An upper leaf was fed "CO2 with (a) shoot darkened below fed leaf; (b) shoot defoliated below fed leaf; (c) shoot decapitated above fed leaf; or (...

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“…Cytokinins are known to influence .the transport of plant metabolites (Letham 1967), and in the case of vine shoots Shindy and Weaver (1967) have recently demonstrated an effect of the kinin 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9H-purine on the translocation of 14C_ labelled assimilates. The present paper reports an effect of kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) on the accumulation of14C-labelled substrates by citrus fruits (cv.…”

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An Effect of Kinetin on the Translocation if 14C-Labelled Photosynthate in Citrus

Kriedemann¹

1968

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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This study indicates that the application of kinetin to a recently formed fruit enhances its ability to import photosynthetic assimilates. Cytokinins are known to influence .the transport of plant metabolites (Letham 1967), and in the case of vine shoots Shindy and Weaver (1967) have recently demonstrated an effect of the kinin 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9H-purine on the translocation of 14C_ labelled assimilates. The present paper reports an effect of kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) on the accumulation of14C-labelled substrates by citrus fruits (cv. Washington Navel). In such crops the newly formed fruitlet is often unable to compete successfully with adjacent expanding leaves for substrates and this is thought to result in early fruit drop (Haas 1949;Sauer 1954). Materials and M ethod8The experiments made use of 2-year-old rooted cuttings of cv. Washington Navel raised in the glasshouse according to the method of Gates, Bouma, and Groenewegen (1961). A current growth flush had produced groups of two or three fruitlets at five points along a single welldeveloped shoot and these were designated groups 1-5 basipetally. Starting 25 days after the blossoms opened, kinetin was applied at 0 and 500 p.p.m. to the newly formed fruits.The kinetin was first dissolved in a minimum volume of 0 ·IN HCI and the solution adjusted to pH 6·0 during dilution. A wetting agent was added to the final solutions and they were applied to the fruits with a camel-hair brush. Successive groups of fruits along the shoot had from one to five applications spaced at 3-or 4-day intervals.Following the final kinetin application to a given group, 14C02 generated from 2 mg Ba14COs with a specific activity of 1· 5 mc/m-mole was supplied to a nearby leaf, and the fed leaf and adjacent fruits were harvested 24 hr later. After measuring fresh weight, the fruits were sectioned and dried between filter paper at room temperature together with the source leaf and other tissues. The mounted specimens were then exposed to Kodak medical X-ray film which was developed after 3-8 days, depending on the level of radioactivity.Prior to exposure, the source leaf was masked with transparent adhesive tape so that the image of adjacent tissues would not be obscured on the X-ray film. At the time of harvest, samples of fruit were taken for dry weight and moisture determination (dried at 80°C for 3 days), and this dried material was then ground to a fine powder and 5-mg subsamples, weighed to ± 0·05 mg and known to afford maximum counting efficiency for this type of material, were assayed for radioactivity in a Packard liquid scintillator. Re8ult8 and Di8cU88ion

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Plant Regulators alter Translocation of Photosynthetic Products

Cited by 48 publications

References 5 publications

Benzyladenine-induced Movement of ¹⁴C-Labeled Photosynthate into Roots of Vitis vinifera

Benzyladenine-induced Movement of ¹⁴C-Labeled Photosynthate into Roots of Vitis vinifera

Modification of Pattern of Photosynthate Movement within and between Shoots of Vitis vinifera L

An Effect of Kinetin on the Translocation if 14C-Labelled Photosynthate in Citrus

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Plant Regulators alter Translocation of Photosynthetic Products

Cited by 48 publications

References 5 publications

Benzyladenine-induced Movement of 14C-Labeled Photosynthate into Roots of Vitis vinifera

Benzyladenine-induced Movement of 14C-Labeled Photosynthate into Roots of Vitis vinifera

Modification of Pattern of Photosynthate Movement within and between Shoots of Vitis vinifera L

An Effect of Kinetin on the Translocation if 14C-Labelled Photosynthate in Citrus

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Benzyladenine-induced Movement of ¹⁴C-Labeled Photosynthate into Roots of Vitis vinifera

Benzyladenine-induced Movement of ¹⁴C-Labeled Photosynthate into Roots of Vitis vinifera