Plant Response to Cold Stress: Cold Stress Changes Antioxidant Metabolism in Heading Type Kimchi Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis)

Abstract

Cold stress is known as the important yield-limiting factor of heading type Kimchi cabbage (HtKc, Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), which is an economically important crop worldwide. However, the biochemical and molecular responses to cold stress in HtKc are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analyses on HtKc grown under normal versus cold conditions to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying HtKc responses to cold stress. A total of 2131 genes (936 up-regulated and 1195 down-regulated) were identified as differentially expressed genes and were significantly annotated in the category of “response to stimulus.” In addition, cold stress caused the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds, including p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids, in HtKc by inducing the phenylpropanoid pathway. The results of the chemical-based antioxidant assay indicated that the cold-induced polyphenolic compounds improved the free-radical scavenging activity and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that the phenylpropanoid pathway induced by cold stress contributes to resistance to cold-induced reactive oxygen species in HtKc. Taken together, our results will serve as an important base to improve the cold tolerance in plants via enhancing the antioxidant machinery.

Cold Stress, Freezing Adaptation, Varietal Susceptibility of Olea europaea L.: A Review

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Overexpression of the Brassica rapa bZIP Transcription Factor, BrbZIP-S, Increases the Stress Tolerance in Nicotiana benthamiana

“…After centrifugation, the supernatant was used for the analysis of proline and P5C contents. The content of proline was quantified using a colorimetric assay as described by Eom et al [ 14 ] and expressed as ng/mg of fresh weight (F.W.).…”

Physiological and molecular insight of microbial biostimulants for sustainable agriculture

“…It generally affects the critical processes of plants such as ROS homeostasis, energy metabolism (electron transport chain), photosynthesis efficiency, cell wall structure, fluidity, root hydraulic conductance and structure of biomolecules (enzymes, proteins and nucleic acids) ( Kazemi-Shahandashti and Maali-Amiri, 2018 ; Tiryaki et al., 2018 ; Zhou et al., 2021 ). In order to survive under prolonged low temperatures, the plants exhibit altered gene and transcription factor expression, leading to changes in membrane lipids, proteins, osmolytes levels, phytohormones, phenolic content and reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes ( Brüggemann et al., 1999 ; Saltveit, 2000 ; Ait Barka et al., 2006 ; Amini et al., 2021 ; Guo et al., 2021 ; Ritonga et al., 2021 ; Saleem et al., 2021a ; Eom et al., 2022 ; Hwarari et al., 2022 ; Wei et al., 2022 ).…”