Plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment in the face of environmental constraints: a review of the past 10 years' research

Idso, Keith E.; Idso, Sherwood B.

doi:10.1016/0168-1923(94)90025-6

Cited by 384 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…This is plausible, since it is well known that elevated CO 2 effects on plants are influenced by water and nutrient availability and that relative responses tend to be larger under conditions of limited resources (see Idso & Idso 1994). In agreement, the largest absolute changes in NPP were obtained for the most productive sites (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Pasture responses to elevated temperature and doubled CO2 concentration: assessing the spatial pattern across an alpine landscape

Riedo¹,

Gyalistras²,

Fuhrer³

2001

Clim. Res.

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Climatic change and increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration are expected to have significant effects on grassland ecosystems, but the magnitude of the responses may vary strongly across complex landscapes. A combination of the mechanistic pasture simulation model PaSim, statistical interpolation of climate parameters, and stochastic weather generation was used to examine the range and spatial distribution of the long-term responses of grazed grassland ecosystems to step changes in temperature and CO 2 across the 250 km 2 alpine Davos/Dischma region in Switzerland. 750 sites were considered, covering an altitude range from 1500 to 2700 m above sea level. PaSim was driven with sitespecific hourly weather data, georeferenced input data for topography, and soil and vegetation characteristics. A seasonally uniform temperature increase by 2°C raised the mean evapotranspiration (ET ) from about 200 to 300 mm yr -1 , and net primary production (NPP) from about 0.2 to 0.3 kg C m -2 yr -1 . Doubling CO 2 to 700 ppm partially offset the increase in ET, but caused an additional increase in NPP. The effects of the different scenarios on the simulated mean labile soil organic carbon content (C fast ) were small, and on the order of +1% due to increased temperature and + 5% due to increased CO 2 . Largest absolute changes in ET were obtained for sites with ample precipitation, whereas relative changes correlated best with altitude. Largest absolute changes in NPP were obtained for the most productive lower sites, whereas at higher sites absolute changes became small, but relative changes were again largest. Most pronounced increases in C fast of around 10% (equivalent to about 0.3 kg C m -2 ) resulted from the combined temperature and CO 2 increase and occurred mainly at the higher elevation sites. For all parameters examined the variability of absolute system responses across sites was generally larger than the magnitude of the mean changes resulting from any scenario. Statistical analysis of the relationship between a small set of site-specific input parameters and model outputs revealed that the most important factors determining absolute system responses under all scenarios were altitude and aspect for ET, temperature for NPP, and soil texture (i.e. clay fraction) for C fast . Absolute and relative changes due to the assumed changes in CO 2 and/or temperature depended less clearly on these factors, in particular for C fast . These results show that the interaction of the effects of elevated CO 2 and increased temperature with local site conditions causes a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of grassland responses in a topographically complex landscape, but that absolute system responses for a given temperature and CO 2 regime can be explained with very high accuracy by a small number of environmental variables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Pasture responses to elevated temperature and doubled CO2 concentration: assessing the spatial pattern across an alpine landscape

Riedo¹,

Gyalistras²,

Fuhrer³

2001

Clim. Res.

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“…In controlled experiments, more often than not, some form of ''acclimation'' develops. This may involve, for example, changes in stomatal conductance or reduced photosynthetic capacities or changes in plant allocation patterns [e.g., Bowes, 1993;Drake et al, 1997;Idso and Idso, 1994;Lee and Jarvis, 1995;Lloyd and Farquhar, 1996;Long et al, 1996]. It remains uncertain, however, if the results derived from controlled experiments are sufficient to predict successfully plant responses in their ''natural'' environment characterized by a gradually increasing [CO 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of central Siberian Scots pine to soil water deficit and long‐term trends in atmospheric CO₂concentration

Arneth

Lloyd

Šantrůčková

et al. 2002

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

147

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[1] Twenty tree ring 13 C/ 12 C ratio chronologies from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) trees were determined from five locations sampled along the Yenisei River, spaced over a total distance of $1000 km between the cities of Turuhansk (66°N) and Krasnoyarsk (56°N). The transect covered the major part of the natural distribution of Scots pine in the region with median growing season temperatures and precipitation varying from 12.2°C and 218 mm to 14.0°C and 278 mm for Turuhansk and Krasnoyarsk, respectively. A key focus of the study was to investigate the effects of variations in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO 2 concentration on long-and shortterm variation in photosynthetic 13 C discrimination during photosynthesis and the marginal cost of tree water use, as reflected in the differences in the historical records of the 13 C / 12 C ratio in wood cellulose compared to that of the atmosphere (D 13 C c ). In 17 of the 20 samples, trees D 13 C c has declined during the last 150 years, particularly so during the second half of the twentieth century. Using a model of stomatal behaviour combined with a process-based photosynthesis model, we deduce that this trend indicates a long-term decrease in canopy stomatal conductance, probably in response to increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. This response being observed for most trees along the transect is suggestive of widespread decreases in D 13 C c and increased water use efficiency for Scots pine in central Siberia over the last century. Overlying short-term variations in D 13 C c were also accounted for by the model and were related to variations in growing season soil water deficit and atmospheric humidity.

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“…However, such responses can only be maintained if the acquisition of other resources -soil nutrients and water -is sufficient. There are many examples of enhanced growth in elevated CO2 in nutrientpoor conditions (Idso & Idso 1994) but the magnitude of the response is generally reduced (Ceulemans & Mousseau 1994); in 60% of experiments involving woody species, the stimulation of growth by elevated CO2 was stronger with a higher level of nutrient supply (Kerstiens et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO₂ on leaf gas exchange in beech and oak at two levels of nutrient supply: consequences for sensitivity to drought in beech

Heath

Kerstiens

1997

Plant Cell & Environment

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Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) were grown from seed for two whole seasons at two CO2 concentrations (ambient and ambient + 250 /imol moi"^) with two levels of soil nutrient supply. Measurements of net leaf photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (g^) of well-watered plants were taken over both seasons; a drought treatment was applied in the middle of the second growing season to a separate sample of beech drawn from the same population. The net leaf photosynthetic rate of well-watered plants was stimulated in elevated CO2 by an average of 75% in beech and 33% in oak; the effect continued through both growing seasons at both nutrient levels. There were no interactive effects of CO2 concentration and nutrient level on A or gî n beech or oak. Stomatal conductance was reduced in elevated CO2 by an average of 34% in oak, but in beech there were no significant reductions in g^ except under cloudy conditions (-22% in elevated CO2). During drought, there was no effect of CO2 concentration on g^ in beech grown with high nutrients, but for beech grown with low nutrients, g^ was significantly higher in elevated CO2, causing more rapid soil drying. With high nutrient supply, soil drying was more rapid at elevated CO2 due to increased leaf area. It appears that beech may substantially increase whole-plant water consumption in elevated CO2, especially under conditions of high temperature and irradiance when damage due to high evaporative demand is most likely to occur, thereby putting itself at risk during periods of drought.

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Plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment in the face of environmental constraints: a review of the past 10 years' research

Cited by 384 publications

References 222 publications

Pasture responses to elevated temperature and doubled CO2 concentration: assessing the spatial pattern across an alpine landscape

Pasture responses to elevated temperature and doubled CO2 concentration: assessing the spatial pattern across an alpine landscape

Response of central Siberian Scots pine to soil water deficit and long‐term trends in atmospheric CO₂concentration

Effects of elevated CO₂ on leaf gas exchange in beech and oak at two levels of nutrient supply: consequences for sensitivity to drought in beech

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Plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment in the face of environmental constraints: a review of the past 10 years' research

Cited by 384 publications

References 222 publications

Pasture responses to elevated temperature and doubled CO2 concentration: assessing the spatial pattern across an alpine landscape

Pasture responses to elevated temperature and doubled CO2 concentration: assessing the spatial pattern across an alpine landscape

Response of central Siberian Scots pine to soil water deficit and long‐term trends in atmospheric CO2concentration

Effects of elevated CO2 on leaf gas exchange in beech and oak at two levels of nutrient supply: consequences for sensitivity to drought in beech

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Response of central Siberian Scots pine to soil water deficit and long‐term trends in atmospheric CO₂concentration

Effects of elevated CO₂ on leaf gas exchange in beech and oak at two levels of nutrient supply: consequences for sensitivity to drought in beech