Plant responses to simulated carbon capture and storage (CCS) CO₂ pipeline leakage: the effect of soil type

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been proposed as a bridging technology to enable the transition to an energy system based on renewable sources. Many high CO2‐emitting industries (such as the power industry) are distant from potential carbon storage sites (such as offshore geological reservoirs) and an infrastructure of CO2 transportation must therefore be developed to carry the CO2 to safe storage. As such there is a need to understand the risks involved and the mitigation of potential leaks associated with CCS and dense‐phase CO2 transportation networks. Since 2012 a number of experimental studies have provided a mechanistic understanding of the risks posed to crops as a function of CO2 leakage from CCS infrastructure. However, what remains largely unresolved is the role played by both soil type and soil structure in mitigating and / or enhancing plant stresses. In this study we provide an experimental framework to evaluate these effects. Wheat and beetroot were grown in four different experimental soils to test the effects of specific soil attributes (organic, low pH; organic, open structure; organic, limed; loam, neutral pH) on crop performance when exposed to high levels (∼40%) of CO2 in the soil environment. Comparison between treatment and controls and across the soil types reveals little difference in terms of biomass or plant stress chemistry. From a stakeholder perspective these findings suggest that soil type may play only a minor role in mitigating or amplifying plant stress in response to the unlikely event of a CO2 leak from CCS infrastructure. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A comprehensive review of sectorial contribution towards greenhouse gas emissions and progress in carbon capture and storage in Pakistan

“…In 2010, 68% of global GHG emissions were contributed by energy usage, which includes 90% CO 2 and 9% CH 4 , N 2 O and other gases . Combustion of fossil fuel has been observed to hasten the long‐term carbon cycle, injecting carbon into the atmosphere and causing anthropogenic climatic changes …”

“…42 Combustion of fossil fuel has been observed to hasten the long-term carbon cycle, injecting carbon into the atmosphere and causing anthropogenic climatic changes. 43 Previous studies have examined impact of energy on climate change through adopting various econometric approaches, including time series data analysis, and concluded that energy consumption is the main contributor of CO 2 emissions in the environment which causes the change in climate. [26][27][28][29][30] The same case was witnessed in Pakistan where the energy sector contributed over half of the total GHG emissions.…”

Prospecting CCS Project in Indonesia: A Case Study in Meratus Mountains, South Borneo

“…Pipeline wrapping and routine gas seal test is applied to prevent such leakage (Xiuzhang, 2014). Serious impact on unadaptable plant species and microorganisms were reported due to CO 2 infiltration along CCS transport line (Rastelli et al, 2015;Lake and Lomax, 2019). The best solution for reducing the transportation cost and minimising the hazard risk is to select the nearest storage location from the capturing site.…”

Analysis of pressure response at an observation well against pressure build-up by early stage of CO2 geological storage project

“…The average atmospheric CO2 concentration had increased from 280 ppm in industrial era to 411 ppm in May 2019 (Dlugokencky and Tans, 2019;Lake and Lomax, 2019). The average CO2 concentration is increasing continuously by more than 2 ppm/year (Metz et al, 2005).…”