Plant Secondary Compounds in Soil and Their Role in Belowground Species Interactions

Abstract

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Insights into the Intraspecific Variability of the above and Belowground Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in Tomato

“…Indeed, β-phellandrene and methyl-salicylate emitted from the soil were found in both root and leaf extracts. Furthermore, the individual soil emission rates of methyl salicylate as well as that of all acyclic monoterpenes (myrcene, ocimene, linalool), were correlated with the root biomass of the plants, implying a root origin, especially when considering that the correlations between emissions from the root and from the soil surface have been likely weakened by unknown VOC retentions and transformations that occurred during path through the soil [10].…”

“…In addition to these aboveground VOC sources, soil emission also included VOCs originating from root production having no or only small pool sizes when compared to the aboveground organs. There is increasing evidence that roots and their associated microbiota exchange volatile metabolites that shape interactions with other soil organisms [10] and even affect root development, possibly by altering stress signaling [58]. The VOCs that are produced by roots can be similar to those produced by other organs or they can be organ specific.…”

“…In addition, VOCs that are released into the atmosphere or soil are involved in within-plant and between plant stress signaling [6,7]. Plant VOCs also affect the food web by serving as cues for herbivores to localize their host plants, or as a food source for microbes in both the rhizosphere and phyllosphere [8][9][10]. Owing to their multiple roles in plant ecology and advances in the real-time detection of trace gases (e.g., [11,12]), the study of VOCs that are emitted by crop plants has received increasing attention in the field of agroecology and crop protection.…”

Rhythmic Control of The Plant-Microbiome Holobiont

“…Plant-root exudates account for 10-40% of the photosynthetically xed carbon and ~15% of total plant nitrogen, including many kinds of primary and secondary metabolites [26], and act as key substrates or signaling molecules that affect microbial composition [6,[27][28][29]. We collected the root exudates of the three Arabidopsis lines (wild type and cca1-1 and toc1-101 mutants) at ve timepoints, with timepoint representing the continuous secretion of exudates for the previous 6 h, e.g.…”

“…The heatmap in Figure S7a represents the number of cycling exudates shared between the cca1-1 mutant and the wild type (10), with some exudates unique to the wild type (40) and the cca1-1 mutant (29). The heatmap in Figure S7b represents the number of cycling exudates shared between the toc1-101 mutant and the wild type (17), with some exudates unique to the wild type (33) and the toc1-101 mutant (28). Exudates that varied their rhythmicity in the mutants were mainly lipids and lipid-like molecules.…”