Plant Secondary Metabolites—The Key Drivers of Plant's Defence Mechanisms

Sruthi, D.; Jayabaskaran, Chelliah

doi:10.1201/9781003034957-1

“…The biological effects of secondary metabolites provide scientific justification for using plant medicine for their antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral effects. The main groups of secondary plant metabolites, many of which function as EPIs, include phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, lipids, and carbohydrates that have been identified using analytical equipment, such as HPLC and MS/MS ( Table 2 ) [ 54 , 55 ]. Exposure to Cu significantly increased the synthesis of phenolic compounds in the shoots of Imperata cylindrica , which is a grass in Chile that grows in soil with varying distributions of Cu contamination [ 56 ].…”

Section: Secondary Metabolites Production Of Plants As Potential Epismentioning

confidence: 99%

Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Controlling Antibiotic Resistance: Outlook under a Heavy Metal Contamination Context

Nguyen

¹

,

Nguyen

²

,

Le

³

et al. 2023

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Multi-drug resistance to antibiotics represents a growing challenge in treating infectious diseases. Outside the hospital, bacteria with the multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype have an increased prevalence in anthropized environments, thus implying that chemical stresses, such as metals, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, etc., are the source of such resistance. There is a developing hypothesis regarding the role of metal contamination in terrestrial and aquatic environments as a selective agent in the proliferation of antibiotic resistance caused by the co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance genes carried by transmissible plasmids and/or associated with transposons. Efflux pumps are also known to be involved in either antibiotic or metal resistance. In order to deal with these situations, microorganisms use an effective strategy that includes a range of expressions based on biochemical and genetic mechanisms. The data from numerous studies suggest that heavy metal contamination could affect the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes. Environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic activities could lead to mutagenesis based on the synergy between antibiotic efficacy and the acquired resistance mechanism under stressors. Moreover, the acquired resistance includes plasmid-encoded specific efflux pumps. Soil microbiomes have been reported as reservoirs of resistance genes that are available for exchange with pathogenic bacteria. Importantly, metal-contaminated soil is a selective agent that proliferates antibiotic resistance through efflux pumps. Thus, the use of multi-drug efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) originating from natural plants or synthetic compounds is a promising approach for restoring the efficacy of existing antibiotics, even though they face a lot of challenges.

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“…There are several types of terpenes recognized (hemiterpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sesterterpenes, triterpenes, tetraterpenes, and polyterpenes) based on the number of isoprene units. Terpenoids have great commercial significance and therapeutic importance [8]. The following subsections explain the studies that emerged on the effectiveness of terpenoid phytochemicals for COVID-19.…”

Section: Terpenes (Terpenoids)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaloids are physiologically active, heterogeneous, and heterocyclic secondary metabolites. They include phytochemicals with therapeutic, nutritional, toxicological, and cosmetic potential [8]. Efficiency of different alkaloids against COVID-19 has been also studied.…”

Section: Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenolics are phenylalanine derivatives and synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway. They include simple phenols, phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, phenylacetic acids, phenylpropenes, quinones, coumarins, stilbenes, lignans, xanthones, neolignans, tannins, melanins, and f lavonoids [8]. The following sections discuss the phenolic constituents studied for their effectiveness to protect from COVID-19.…”

Section: Phenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Curative potential of high-value phytochemicals on COVID-19 infection

Sruthi,

Dhanalakshmi,

Rao

et al. 2023

Biohimiâ

Self Cite

0

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Medicinal plants and their therapeutically promising chemical compounds belonging to the valued category of ‘traditional medicine’ are potential remedies for various health problems. Due to their complex structure and enormous health benefits, the high-value plant-derived metabolites collectively termed as ‘phytochemicals’ have emerged as a crucial source for novel drug discovery and development. Indeed, several medicinal plants from diverse habitats are still in the ‘underexplored’ category in terms of their bioactive principles and therapeutic potential. COVID-19, infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2, first reported in November 2019, resulted in the alarming number of deaths (6.61 million), was further declared ‘pandemic’, and spread of the disease has continued till today. Even though the well-established scientific world has successfully implemented vaccines against COVID-19 within the short period of time, the focus on alternative remedies for long-term symptom management and immunity boosting have been increased. At this point, interventions based on traditional medicine, which include medicinal plants, their bioactive metabolites, extracts and formulations, attracted a lot of attention as alternative solutions for COVID-19 management. Here, we reviewed the recent research findings related to the effectiveness of phytochemicals in treatment or prevention of COVID-19. Furthermore, the literature regarding the mechanisms behind the preventive or therapeutic effects of these natural phytochemicals were also discussed. In conclusion, we suggest that the active plant-derived components could be used alone or in combination as an alternative solution for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the structure of these natural productomes may lead to the emergence of new prophylactic strategies for SARS-CoV-2-caused infection.

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Curative Potential of High-Value Phytochemicals on COVID-19 Infection

Sruthi

¹

,

Menamadathil

²

,

Rao

³

et al. 2023

Biochemistry Moscow

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Medicinal plants and their therapeutically promising chemical compounds belonging to the valued category of ‘traditional medicine’ are potential remedies for various health problems. Due to their complex structure and enormous health benefits, the high-value plant-derived metabolites collectively termed as ‘phytochemicals’ have emerged as a crucial source for novel drug discovery and development. Indeed, several medicinal plants from diverse habitats are still in the ‘underexplored’ category in terms of their bioactive principles and therapeutic potential. COVID-19, infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2, first reported in November 2019, resulted in the alarming number of deaths (6.61 million), was further declared ‘pandemic’, and spread of the disease has continued till today. Even though the well-established scientific world has successfully implemented vaccines against COVID-19 within the short period of time, the focus on alternative remedies for long-term symptom management and immunity boosting have been increased. At this point, interventions based on traditional medicine, which include medicinal plants, their bioactive metabolites, extracts and formulations, attracted a lot of attention as alternative solutions for COVID-19 management. Here, we reviewed the recent research findings related to the effectiveness of phytochemicals in treatment or prevention of COVID-19. Furthermore, the literature regarding the mechanisms behind the preventive or therapeutic effects of these natural phytochemicals were also discussed. In conclusion, we suggest that the active plant-derived components could be used alone or in combination as an alternative solution for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the structure of these natural productomes may lead to the emergence of new prophylactic strategies for SARS-CoV-2-caused infection. Graphic abstract

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Plant Secondary Metabolites—The Key Drivers of Plant's Defence Mechanisms

Cited by 3 publications

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Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Controlling Antibiotic Resistance: Outlook under a Heavy Metal Contamination Context

Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Controlling Antibiotic Resistance: Outlook under a Heavy Metal Contamination Context

Curative potential of high-value phytochemicals on COVID-19 infection

Curative Potential of High-Value Phytochemicals on COVID-19 Infection

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