Plant Secondary Metabolites with an Overview of Populus

Abstract

Populus trees meet continuous difficulties from the environment through their life cycle. To warrant their durability and generation, Populus trees exhibit various types of defenses, including the production of secondary metabolites. Syntheses derived from the shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathway are a varied and plentiful class of secondary metabolites manufactured in Populus. Amongst other main classes of secondary metabolites in Populus are fatty acid and terpenoid-derivatives. Many of the secondary metabolites made by Populus trees have been functionally described. Any others have been associated with particular ecological or biological processes, such as resistance against pests and microbial pathogens or acclimatization to abiotic stresses. Still, the functions of many Populus secondary metabolites are incompletely understood. Furthermore, many secondary metabolites have therapeutic effects, leading to more studies of secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis. This paper reviews the biosynthetic pathways and therapeutic impacts of secondary metabolites in Populus using a genomics approach. Compared with bacteria, fewer known pathways produce secondary metabolites in Populus despite P. trichocarpa having had its genome sequenced.

Impact of feed supplementation with balsam poplar buds on performance of young bulls

“…The phytopreparations from balsam poplar buds contain amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids (malic, tartaric, lemon, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic), polyphenols (pinostrobin, pinocerbrin, chrysin, tektohrizin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, galangin, iszalpinin etc.) carbohydrates, minerals (zinc, manganese, cobalt, copper, iron) and vitamins (A, C, P, E) [16,18,24,25]. Previous studies on the chemical composition of balsam poplar buds also identified the presence of alkanes, terpenes, chalcones and prostaglandins [16,26,27].…”

Altitudinal variation in phytochemical, physicochemical, and morphological aspects of Justicia adhatoda L. plant growing wildly in Western Himalayas

“…Plants can turn an ample amount of assimilated carbon and energy into the synthesis of other organic molecules that are included in the plant defense [81]. Plants produce secondary metabolites by undergoing various metabolic pathways as a response to stress conditions and these pathways are in turn prompted from the primary metabolite pathways which create the crucial precursors of secondary metabolites [82]. Total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, and ash also significantly varied with elevation [Table 2].…”

Relationships between Sphaerulina musiva Infection and the Populus Microbiome and Metabolome

“…and Salix sp. Their functions in plant tissues are varied and can include being major components of the constitutive defense against pathogens and herbivores ( 42 – 44 ) as well as being a major increasing fraction of the osmotic constitution of leaves during acute drought ( 20 ) and being involved in attenuating incoming UV radiation in leaves exposed to high solar radiation ( 45 ). Given the bidirectional nature of pathogen establishment and plant defense, enrichment of these metabolites in uninfected trees could be responsible for reduced infection.…”