Plant species diversity in urban areas of Northwest Siberia

Abstract

The flora of two towns and two settlements in the northern taiga and forest-tundra of Northwest Siberia (Russia) are considered. Urban species lists are limited (61–119 vascular plant species) and mainly consist of native species with a predominance of perennial herbs. Various urban functional zones (industrial, residential, recreational, vegetable patches) differ by species composition, and this difference increases in the course of city development. In the industrial zone, vegetation composition is closer to the native flora, because of the low number of adventive species. Maximal diversity is due to decorative plants, cultivars and southern weed distribution, and is typical to residential neighborhoods. Species diversity increases mainly because of woody plants introduction. Alien species are represented generally by a small number of individuals. The severe climate and poor soils limit their abilities to spread in the Far North. Urbanization forces the reduction of aboriginal biodiversity, but in northern areas where native species have the adaptive advantage, this effect is minimal. Changes in flora since 1995 were analyzed in the town of Novy Urengoy (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia). Plant diversity increased by about 20 % in all functional zones, although some alien and natural species were not recorded in 2018.

Soil Organic Matter in Urban Areas of the Russian Arctic: A Review

“…In the process of urbanization, the plant community changes significantly in Arctic cities. Currently, the plant community's changes include the borealization of Arctic flora [11]; the invasion of more southern, including invasive, plant species [12]; and the increase in the proportion of woody and herbaceous species [13], which may lead to changes in the composition of humification precursors. Thus, it can be assumed that the composition of humus in urban soils will be different from that in background zonal soils.…”