Plant tissue-and photosynthesis-based biosensors

Abstract

Biosensors are promising biotools, alternative or complementary to conventional analysis techniques, for fast, simple, cheap and reliable screening. This article reviews the biosensors that use plant components as biorecognition elements. In the first section, plant tissue-based biosensors are summarised and classified according to the enzyme used. Afterwards, photosynthesis-based biosensors, including the types of photosynthetic materials and immobilisation methods, are described.

Bismuth Film Combined with Screen‐Printed Electrode as Biosensing Platform for Phenol Detection

“…However, the exact place of Bi linkage with tissue structure can not still be clarified. As mentioned in introduction part, mushroom tissue has a complex structure containing PPO and laccase oxidases but also other enzymes that are not specific to phenol [19]. At this acidic pH, 4.5, it is known that Bi stays in cationic form [37].…”

“…Moreover, the availability and low price of plant tissues, the avoidance of tedious and time-consuming enzyme extraction and purification steps and the presence of the required cofactors in the same tissue make the usage of wide variety of plant tissues as bioreceptors in different biosensor formats [19].…”

“…They also contain laccase oxidase enzyme which can be define as large potential for the determination of phenolic compounds [19]. On the other hand, bismuth film electrode (BiFE) was developed as an alternative electrode material to mercury film electrode (MFE) in 2000 by J. Wangs group [20] [20 -31] organic compounds detection [21,27,32,33] and recently as biosensor transducer [34,35].…”

An Electrochemical Approach to Quantitative Analysis of Herbicides and to the Study of Their Interactions with Soils Components

“…For this reason, the use of some triazine pesticides has been banned in some countries or their permitted levels in drinking water is very low, so that analytical procedures for quantitative determination of several triazines, as well as their degradation products, at low levels are often requested. In this sense, several analytical techniques have been developed, like HPLC (Katsumata et al, 2006), CG-MS, capillary electrophoresis (Frías et al, 2004), solid-phase micro-extraction coupling with GC, LC, ion mobility spectrometry (Garcia Galan et al, 2010;Mohammadi et al, 2009;Sanchez Ortega et al, 2009;Quintana et al, 2001) and with HPLC (Zhou et al, 230 2009;See et al, 2010), immunosensors (Bahnd et al, 2005) and multi-biosensor based on immobilized Photosystem II (Touloupakisa et al, 2005;Dong et al, 2009), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (Zhang et al, 2008), tandem techniques (Beale et al, 2009;Tsang et al,2009;Lacina et al, 2010) cyclic voltammetry (Fuchiwaki et al, 2009;Zapardiel et al, 2000) and differential-pulse polarography (Ignjatovic et al, 1993;Kubo et al, 2008;Vaz et al, 1996) on solid electrodes, photosynthetic electron transport (PET) electrochemical biosensors (Campàs, et al, 2008;Preuss & Hall, 1995), PET colorimetric detection (Brewster & Lightfield, 1993;Shao et al, 2002) and adsorptive stripping voltammetry in dispersed media (Pedredo et al, 1995). In the last years, the environmental pollution by pesticides has become in a serious problem especially in aquatic ecosystems, due to their heavy use in agriculture and to their persistence.…”

Recent Advances and Applications of Biosensors in Novel Technology

“…Some important advantages of tissues as biosensor include [38]: a) tissues can be immobilized easily as compared to organelles or cells, b) essential cofactors already exist for well-functioning of enzyme, c) Low cost and easy availability, d) the extraction, centrifugation, and purification of enzymes is not essential, e) a wide range of possibilities are available to fulfil different objectives, and f) in natural environment, enzymes show higher activity and stability. Despite advantages, tissues show some disadvantages such as they show less selectivity as compared to purified enzymes since they contain a variety of enzymes, reduced substrate specificity, slower response time, require more tissue material as a substrate to diffuse through, and this decrease the effect of enzymes.…”