PLANT TRANSFORMATION: Problems and Strategies for Practical Application

Birch, Robert G.

doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.297

Cited by 506 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…O manejo de pragas com base em cultivos Bt tem várias vantagens significativas sobre inseticidas sintéticos tradicionais, pois a toxina se acumula de forma homogênea nos tecidos vegetais das plantas e exibe um alto grau de especificidade para os insetosalvo da tecnologia, devendo ser ingerida para exercer seus efeitos, uma vez que não possui atividade por contato (Betz et al, 2000;Andow, 2008). Entretanto, existem evidências de que a expressão de toxinas Bt, na planta transgênica, pode alterar (direta ou indiretamente) as populações de espécies não-alvo (BIrCh, 1997;Monnerat;Bravo, 2000). Tal como a redução de populações de insetos polinizadores e visitantes florais em geral como besouros e borboletas, predadores e parasitoides, o que pode levar a redução do controle biológico de pragas (Hong et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Riqueza e composição de espécies de insetos visitantes florais de algodoeiro Bt e não-Bt

2012

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RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe diferença entre a comunidade de insetos visitantes florais do algodoeiro geneticamente modificado (Bt) e sua isolinha convencional (não-Bt). A pesquisa foi realizada em área de produção comercial no Município de Maracaju, MS, Brasil. A área amostral compreendeu dois campos, um de algodão não-Bt e outro de algodão Bt. As coletas dos insetos foram realizadas no período matutino com intervalo de três dias. Ao final da floração foram coletados 1.310 espécimes de visitantes florais, destes, 56,56% nas flores do algodoeiro Bt e 43,44% do não-Bt. Embora a abundância de insetos no cultivar Bt ter sido maior, a riqueza de espécies no cultivar não-Bt foi superior. Assim, apresentando diversidade de 73 espécies na cultivar Bt e 84 espécies na não-Bt. A riqueza de espécies variou entre os horários de coleta para ambos os tratamentos, entre os dias de floração onde no início e no final da floração, constatou-se a menor riqueza independentemente do cultivar de algodão. Por outro lado, a riqueza de espécies não variou entre os cultivares de algodão. Com relação à composição das espécies houve variação entre os horários de visitação, entre os tipos de algodão e também entre a interação, desses dois fatores. Também variou entre os dias de floração, mas não entre as classes da interação os dias e o tipo de algodão. Com base neste estudo, concluímos que houve diferença entre as espécies de insetos que visitaram as flores do algodoeiro Bt e sua isolinha convencional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Algodão, análise de risco, Bacillus thuringiensis, plantas geneticamente modificas. ABSTRACT RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY OF FLOWER-VISITING INSECT SPECIES IN BT AND NON-BTCOTTON. This study aimed to verify the difference between flower-visiting insect communities in genetically modified cotton (Bt) and conventional cotton (non-Bt). The study was conducted in a commercial cotton field in the municipality of Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The collections of flower visitors were performed every 3 days in the morning during the reproductive period of cotton and employed 2 treatments: Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton. By the end of flowering, 1,310 specimens were collected, 56.56% on Bt cotton flowers and 43.44% on non-Bt cotton flowers. Even though the abundance of collected insects on Bt cotton was higher, species richness in non-Bt was higher than Bt, with a diversity of 73 species on Bt cotton and 84 species on non-Bt. Species richness of flower visitors varied between sampling times for both treatments and between the days of flowering, therefore, the species richness was lower at the beginning and the end of flowering in both cotton cultivars. But the species richness did not vary between cultivars of cotton. Species composition of insects was different during the periods of flower visitation, between cotton cultivars as well as between the interaction of these two factors. There was also a variation between the days of flowering but not between days and cotton cultivars. Based on this study, it was co...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Riqueza e composição de espécies de insetos visitantes florais de algodoeiro Bt e não-Bt

2012

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“…The levels of Inh I, Inh II, and other storage proteins, including patatin and a group of proteinase inhibitors of molecular masses near 20 kDa (18), showed pronounced increases over the proteins of the control plants. Differences in the levels of individual proteins were found among transgenic lines, indicating that a differential regulation of storage proteins by prosystemin may be occurring, perhaps resulting from insertional effects during transformation and͞or somaclonal variations that occurred during regeneration of plants (19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systemin precursor gene regulates both defensive and developmental genes in Solanum tuberosum

Narváez-Vásquez

Ryan

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Transformation of Solanum tuberosum, cv. Desiree, with the tomato prosystemin gene, regulated by the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, resulted in constitutive increase in defensive proteins in potato leaves, similar to its effects in tomato plants, but also resulted in a dramatic increase in storage protein levels in potato tubers. Tubers from selected transformed lines contained 4-to 5-fold increases in proteinase inhibitor I and II proteins, >50% more soluble and dry weight protein, and >50% more total nitrogen and total free amino acids than found in wild-type tubers. These results suggest that the prosystemin gene plays a dual role in potato plants in regulating proteinase inhibitor synthesis in leaves in response to wounding and in regulating storage protein synthesis in potato tubers in response to developmental cues. The results indicated that components of the systemin signaling pathway normally found in leaves have been recruited by potato plants to be developmentally regulated to synthesize and accumulate large quantities of storage proteins in tubers.tomato ͉ systemic wound signaling ͉ storage proteins ͉ defense response P roteinase inhibitors I and I (Inh I and II) proteins were initially found as major storage proteins in potato tubers (1-3) and later as wound-inducible antinutrient defensive proteins in leaves of several Solanaceae species (4, 5). The two proteins can account for up to 10% of the total soluble proteins of mature potato tubers (6, 7) and up to 2% of the soluble proteins in leaves of tomato plants in response to mechanical wounding or herbivore attacks. The wound-inducible expression of Inh I and II in tomato and potato leaves has been extensively investigated (5, 8), and their synthesis was shown to be initiated by the release of a mobile 18-aa polypeptide signaling molecule called systemin (9). Systemin is released from damaged cells at the site of wounding and systemically activates the expression of over 20 defense-related genes, including Inh I and II, in leaves throughout the plants (5). Systemin is synthesized as part of a larger 200-aa protein called prosystemin (10), whose cDNA has been overexpressed in transgenic tomato plants in both the antisense and sense orientations. In the antisense plants, systemic wound signaling does not occur (10), whereas in the sense plants, the leaves constitutively express high levels of the woundinducible defensive proteins in the absence of wounding, acting as if the plants were in a permanent wounded state (11).Although Inh I and II were first discovered in potato tubers (1), systemin had not been considered previously to be involved in the regulation of tuber storage proteins. We have now constitutively overexpressed the tomato prosystemin gene in potato plants in its sense orientation, similar to previous experiments with tomato plants (11). The transgenic plants overexpressing the prosystemin gene were found to regulate not only the synthesis and accumulation of proteinase inhibitors in leaves but also the synthesis of major storag...

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“…Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation requires the selection of putative transformants to three generations for homozygote fixation, because the transgene can be removed from chromosomes by genetic recombination during sexual reproduction (Birch 1997). Moreover, conventional transformation methods require in vitro culture Efficiencies are expressed as the percentage of antibiotic resistance shoots (plantlets) relative to the total number of regenerated shoots (plantlets)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of recombinant single chain antibodies (scFv) in vegetatively reproductive Kalanchoe pinnata by in planta transformation

et al. 2009

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We developed an asexual reproductive plant, Kalanchoe pinnata, as a new bioreactor for plant-based molecular farming using a newly developed transformation method. Leaf crenate margins were pin-pricked to infect the plant with the Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 and vacuum infiltration was also applied to introduce the target gene into the plants. Subsequently, the young mother leaf produced new clones at the leaf crenate margins without the need for time-and labor-consuming tissue culture procedures. The average transformation rates were approximately 77 and 84% for pin-prickling and vacuum-infiltration methods, respectively. To functionally characterize an introduced target protein, a nucleic acid hydrolyzing recombinant 3D8 scFv was selected and the plant based 3D8 scFv proteins were purified and analyzed. Based on abzyme analysis, the purified protein expressed with this system had catalytic activity and exhibited all of properties of the protein produced in an E. coli system. This result suggested that vegetatively reproductive K. pinnata can be a novel and potent bioreactor for bio-pharmaceutical proteins.

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PLANT TRANSFORMATION: Problems and Strategies for Practical Application

Cited by 506 publications

References 152 publications

Riqueza e composição de espécies de insetos visitantes florais de algodoeiro Bt e não-Bt

Riqueza e composição de espécies de insetos visitantes florais de algodoeiro Bt e não-Bt

The systemin precursor gene regulates both defensive and developmental genes in Solanum tuberosum

Production of recombinant single chain antibodies (scFv) in vegetatively reproductive Kalanchoe pinnata by in planta transformation

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