Plant Type as a Rice Breeding Objective<sup>1</sup>

Jennings, Peter R.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1964.0011183x000400010005x

Cited by 97 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The quantification of GAs in elongating stems revealed that the initial substrate of GA 20-oxidase (GA 53 ) accumulated, whereas the content of the major product (GA 20 ) was reduced in semidwarf compared with tall lines. These results were consistent with impaired GA 20-oxidase activity and dwarfing caused by a deficiency of GA 1 . Therefore, we propose that the semidwarf (sd-1) phenotype of rice is the result of reduced GA 20-oxidase activity, and that the defective GA 20-oxidase gene defines the sd-1 locus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Its recessive character results in a shortened culm with improved lodging resistance and a greater harvest index, allowing for the increased use of nitrogen fertilizers (1,2). The sd-1 gene was first identified in the Chinese variety Dee-geo-woo-gen (DGWG), and was crossed in the early 1960s with Peta (tall) to develop the semidwarf cultivar IR8 (3), which produced record yields throughout Asia and formed the basis for the development of new high-yielding, semidwarf plant types (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Semidwarf ( sd-1 ), “green revolution” rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene

Spielmeyer

Ellis

Chandler

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

816

587

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The introduction of semidwarf rice (Oryza sativa L.) led to record yield increases throughout Asia in the 1960s. The major semidwarfing allele, sd-1, is still extensively used in modern rice cultivars. The phenotype of sd-1 is consistent with dwarfism that results from a deficiency in gibberellin (GA) plant growth hormones. We propose that the semidwarf (sd-1) phenotype is the result of a deficiency of active GAs in the elongating stem arising from a defective 20-oxidase GA biosynthetic enzyme. Sequence data from the rice genome was combined with previous mapping studies to locate a putative GA 20-oxidase gene (Os20ox2) at the predicted map location of sd-1 on chromosome 1. Two independent sd-1 alleles contained alterations within Os20ox2: a deletion of 280 bp within the coding region of Os20ox2 was predicted to encode a nonfunctional protein in an indica type semidwarf (Doongara), whereas a substitution in an amino acid residue (Leu-266) that is highly conserved among dioxygenases could explain loss of function of Os20ox2 in a japonica semidwarf (Calrose76). The quantification of GAs in elongating stems by GC-MS showed that the initial substrate of GA 20-oxidase activity (GA53) accumulated, whereas the content of the major product (GA20) and of bioactive GA1 was lower in semidwarf compared with tall lines. We propose that the Os20ox2 gene corresponds to the sd-1 locus.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Semidwarf ( sd-1 ), “green revolution” rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene

Spielmeyer

Ellis

Chandler

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

816

587

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the 1960s, a dramatic increment of rice production throughout Asia was obtained by the development of a high-yielding semidwarf indica rice cultivar known as IR8. This so-called rice Green Revolution depended largely on the introduction of the sd1 gene, because the recessive character of the gene results in a shortened culm with improved lodging resistance and a great harvest index, allowing for the increased use of nitrogen fertilizers to improve yield [12,15]. Using the AGI and RGP BAC libraries, we obtained and sequenced the entire regions of sd1 genes from 17 cultivated and wild rice species by screening and chromosomal in silico mapping of the positive BAC clones that covered the target region in each species.…”

Section: Diversity Analysis Of Rice Functional Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Rice Genome Sequence to Understand the Molecular Basis of Genome Evolution

Mizuno

Sasaki

et al. 2008

Rice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accurate sequencing of the rice genome has ignited a passion for elucidating mechanism for sequence diversity among rice varieties and species, both in proteincoding regions and in genomic regions that are important for chromosome functions. Here, we have shown examples of sequence diversity in genic and non-genic regions. Sequence analysis of chromosome ends has revealed that there is diversity in both sequences and distribution in the region of telomere repeat arrays, from chromosome to chromosome, within a plant. Detailed study has allowed us to speculate the mechanism of generation of these arrays. Sequence analysis using various cultivated and wild rice of the sd1 gene, which contributed to the "Green Revolution" in rice varieties and their wild progenitors, has also demonstrated sequence diversity, which is correlated with taxonomic classification. These results indicate that detailed analysis of sequence diversity and comparison might give us a clue in elucidating mechanism of the evolution of rice genome.

show abstract

“…Pazos (1976) showed that the rate of dry weight accumulation of oat plants does not undergo any noticeable change as the plant development moves from pre-to post-anthesis stage, and (b) Browning et al (1964) For personal use only. (Jennings 1964 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CONTRIBUTION OF GROWTH RATE AND HARVEST INDEX TO GRAIN YIELD IN F₉-DERIVED LINES OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.)

Takeda¹,

Frey²,

Bailey³

1980

Can. J. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The contributions of growth rate (GR) and harvest index (HI) to grain yield (GYD) were studied using 1200 F9-derived lines of oats tested for 2 yr. Heritability ranged from 20 to 40% for GYD, GR, and HI. Genotypic correlations of GYD with GR were ca. 0.7 and with HI ca. 0.3. More than 95% of GYD variation was due to GR and HI. An increase of 0.1 g/day/plot GR would result in a 14% increase in GYD, and a 5% increase of HI would cause an 18–19% increase in GYD. GR was positively correlated with heading date and plant height, and negatively with HI.

show abstract

Plant Type as a Rice Breeding Objective¹

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Semidwarf ( sd-1 ), “green revolution” rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene

Semidwarf ( sd-1 ), “green revolution” rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene

Comparative Analysis of Rice Genome Sequence to Understand the Molecular Basis of Genome Evolution

CONTRIBUTION OF GROWTH RATE AND HARVEST INDEX TO GRAIN YIELD IN F₉-DERIVED LINES OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Plant Type as a Rice Breeding Objective1

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Semidwarf ( sd-1 ), “green revolution” rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene

Semidwarf ( sd-1 ), “green revolution” rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene

Comparative Analysis of Rice Genome Sequence to Understand the Molecular Basis of Genome Evolution

CONTRIBUTION OF GROWTH RATE AND HARVEST INDEX TO GRAIN YIELD IN F9-DERIVED LINES OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Plant Type as a Rice Breeding Objective¹

CONTRIBUTION OF GROWTH RATE AND HARVEST INDEX TO GRAIN YIELD IN F₉-DERIVED LINES OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.)