Plant Virology Delivers Diverse Toolsets for Biotechnology

Wang, Mo; Gao, Shilei; Zeng, Wenzhi; Yang, Yongqing; Ma, Junfei; Wang, Ying

doi:10.3390/v12111338

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…On the other hand, virus-based vectors provide an alternative for delivering genome engineering reagents to plant cells (Liu and Zhang, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). Among these are the RNA viruses, which for monocots include wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) (Lee et al, 2012).…”

Section: Significant Breakthroughs In Grass Transformation Alternative Dna-delivery Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

et al. 2021

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The available methods for plant transformation and expansion beyond its limits remain especially critical for crop improvement. For grass species, this is even more critical, mainly due to drawbacks in in vitro regeneration. Despite the existence of many protocols in grasses to achieve genetic transformation through Agrobacterium or biolistic gene delivery, their efficiencies are genotype-dependent and still very low due to the recalcitrance of these species to in vitro regeneration. Many plant transformation facilities for cereals and other important crops may be found around the world in universities and enterprises, but this is not the case for apomictic species, many of which are C4 grasses. Moreover, apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) represents an additional constraint for breeding. However, the transformation of an apomictic clone is an attractive strategy, as the transgene is immediately fixed in a highly adapted genetic background, capable of large-scale clonal propagation. With the exception of some species like Brachiaria brizantha which is planted in approximately 100 M ha in Brazil, apomixis is almost non-present in economically important crops. However, as it is sometimes present in their wild relatives, the main goal is to transfer this trait to crops to fix heterosis. Until now this has been a difficult task, mainly because many aspects of apomixis are unknown. Over the last few years, many candidate genes have been identified and attempts have been made to characterize them functionally in Arabidopsis and rice. However, functional analysis in true apomictic species lags far behind, mainly due to the complexity of its genomes, of the trait itself, and the lack of efficient genetic transformation protocols. In this study, we review the current status of the in vitro culture and genetic transformation methods focusing on apomictic grasses, and the prospects for the application of new tools assayed in other related species, with two aims: to pave the way for discovering the molecular pathways involved in apomixis and to develop new capacities for breeding purposes because many of these grasses are important forage or biofuel resources.

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Section: Significant Breakthroughs In Grass Transformation Alternative Dna-delivery Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

et al. 2021

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“…The latest progress on the development of viruses as vectors in biotechnology and their many applications, such as molecular breeding, functional genomic studies, and vaccines, are reviewed by Wang et al (2020). These authors summarize available viral vectors for economically important crops [ 23 ].…”

Section: Special Issue Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Application of Viruses to Biotechnology

Varanda

Félix

Campos

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Viruses may cause devastating diseases in several organisms; however, they are simple systems that can be manipulated to be beneficial and useful for many purposes in different areas. In medicine, viruses have been used for a long time in vaccines and are now being used as vectors to carry materials for the treatment of diseases, such as cancer, being able to target specific cells. In agriculture, viruses are being studied to introduce desirable characteristics in plants or render resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Viruses have been exploited in nanotechnology for the deposition of specific metals and have been shown to be of great benefit to nanomaterial production. They can also be used for different applications in pharmacology, cosmetics, electronics, and other industries. Thus, viruses are no longer only seen as enemies. They have shown enormous potential, covering several important areas in our lives, and they are making our lives easier and better. Although viruses have already proven their potential, there is still a long road ahead. This prompt us to propose this theme in the Special Issue “The application of viruses to biotechnology”. We believe that the articles gathered here highlight recent significant advances in the use of viruses in several fields, contributing to the current knowledge on virus applications.

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“…Lately, vaccine platforms based on the use of a rod-shaped nanoparticle made from the coat protein (CP) of plant viruses has triggered much interest [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. One of these vaccine platforms, the papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) nanoparticle, emerge as an very interesting technology because it was showed to be a potent Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR 7/8) agonist [ 25 ] that triggers innate immunity [ 26 ] leading to secretion of type 1 interferon (IFN-) [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] and the triggering of the antiviral cellular arsenal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Antigen Display on PapMV Nanoparticles Influences Its Immunogenicity

et al. 2021

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Background: The papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) vaccine platform is a rod-shaped nanoparticle made of the recombinant PapMV coat protein (CP) self-assembled around a noncoding single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) template. The PapMV nanoparticle induces innate immunity through stimulation of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8. The display of the vaccine antigen at the surface of the nanoparticle, associated with the co-stimulation signal via TLR7/8, ensures a strong stimulation of the immune response, which is ideal for the development of candidate vaccines. In this study, we assess the impact of where the peptide antigen is fused, whether at the surface or at the extremities of the nanoparticles, on the immune response directed to that antigen. Methods: Two different peptides from influenza A virus were used as model antigens. The conserved M2e peptide, derived from the matrix protein 2 was chosen as the B-cell epitope, and a peptide derived from the nucleocapsid was chosen as the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitope. These peptides were coupled at two different positions on the PapMV CP, the N- (PapMV-N) or the C-terminus (PapMV-C), using the transpeptidase activity of Sortase A (SrtA). The immune responses, both humoral and CD8+ T-cell-mediated, directed to the peptide antigens in the two different fusion contexts were analyzed and compared. The impact of coupling density at the surface of the nanoparticle was also investigated. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that coupling of the peptide antigens at the N-terminus (PapMV-N) of the PapMV CP led to an enhanced immune response to the coupled peptide antigens as compared to coupling to the C-terminus. The difference between the two vaccine platforms is linked to the enhanced capacity of the PapMV-N vaccine platform to stimulate TLR7/8. We also demonstrated that the strength of the immune response increases with the density of coupling at the surface of the nanoparticles.

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Plant Virology Delivers Diverse Toolsets for Biotechnology

Cited by 34 publications

References 152 publications

Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

An Overview of the Application of Viruses to Biotechnology

Modulation of Antigen Display on PapMV Nanoparticles Influences Its Immunogenicity

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