Plant-wide investigation of sulfur flows in a water resource recovery facility (WRRF)

Synergies from off-gas analysis and mass balances for wastewater treatment — Some personal reflections on our experiences

“…Data reconciliation proves crucial, even indispensable, in performing full-scale measurement campaigns. An example is our application of data reconciliation during the plant-wide quantification of total sulfur mass flows in a full-scale WWTP [ 25 ] for all water and sludge streams and the gaseous emission of sulfur as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). The available measurements consisted of composite samples in the water line, grab samples in the sludge line and continuous gas phase H 2 S measurements.…”