Plantar dysidrosis: epidemiological, clinical and mycological study of 112 cases

Abstract

Background: Dysidrosis is a topographic form of eczema with palmar-plantar involvement, with multiple and intricate causes. Our goal is to study the epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of plantar dysidrosis. Material and methods: A retrospective study during 2 years, in the Dermatology Department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital. All adult patients with plantar dysidrosis were included in the study. The data analysis was done with the SPSS 20 software. Results: We collected 112 cases, 64 women and 48 men with a sex ratio of ¾. The average age was 50 years. The average duration of evolution was 6.22 years. Patients consulted for their first episode in 22.7% of cases. Consultations were during summer in 80.4% of cases. Occupational allergy was found in 2.7% of cases; atopy in (14,3); family atopy (5.4); contact eczema (5.4); sport (5.4%); tobacco (12.5%); Moorish baths (17.9%); diabetes (31,3). Plantar involvement was unilateral in 63.6% of cases, associated with lower back (7.3%), palmar involvement (10.9%), intertrigo interortil (44.5%), nail involvement (65.5%). The plantar mycological samples were taken in 81.8% of the cases and were positive in 62.5% of the cases. The culture isolated mostly: Trichophyton rubrum (80%) and Candida albicans (10%). The association of fungal dysidrosis was significant with intertrigo interortils (p = 0.002); onychomycosis (p <0.001); and unilateral localization (p <0.001). Conclusion: Our study highlights the multifactorial nature of plantar dysidrosis. Intertrigo inter toe, the presence of onychomycosis, and unilateral localization are factors significantly associated with fungal plantar dysidrosis.