Planthopper/Plant Interactions: Feeding Behavior, Plant Nutrition, Plant Defense, and Host Plant Specialization

Feeding behavior of the vectorDelphacodes kuscheli(Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) on maize and oat

“…Th is is in agreement with studies for N. lugens (Sogawa 1982;Kimms 1989) and with the fi ndings of Cook & Denno (1994) for other vector delphacid species as Laodelphax striatellus, N. lugens, Peregrinus maidis and Saccharosydne saccharivora. According to Mattsson (1980), the preference of insects for phloem sap is due to the fact that sap in this tissue has about 1000 more parts of sugar than xylem.…”

Physiology and Ecology of Dispersal Polymorphism in Insects

“…These include the following: (a) the selective colonization of nutrient-rich resources (9,20), (b) large body size and correlated fecundity (14), (c) trading off small egg size for increased egg number (28,102,105), (d) extensive feeding coupled with iteroparity or continuous reproduction following colonization (18), and (e) histolysis of wing muscles after arrival in the new habitat, with energy reallocation to reproduction (5,28,35,111). Nevertheless, that these behaviors do not allow for total reproductive compensation is evident from the general observation that reproductive penalties do occur in macropters, even under conditions where food is often abundant (18,95,99,111,129).…”

Insect Fluid-Feeding on Upper Pennsylvanian Tree Ferns (Palaeodictyoptera, Marattiales) and the Early History of the Piercing-and-Sucking Functional Feeding Group

“…Once within the tissue, stylets often exhibit considerable flexibility, and assume tortuous intercellular or intracellular trajectories toward the targeted tissue, sometimes terminating in a feeding cavity. These and other features of fluid feeding have been documented for some hemipterans with high economic effect, principally the sternorrhynchan aphids (Biisgen 1891, Horsfall 1923, Davidson 1923, Heriot 1934, Täte 1937, Nault and Gyrisco 1966, Sorin 1966, Evert et al 1968, whiteflies (Pollard 1955, Walker 1985, and scales (Parr 1937, Schetters I960); the auchenorrhynchan cicadas (Marlatt 1907, White andStrehl 1978), leafhoppers (Putman 1941, Houston et al 1947, Carle and Montons 1965, Pollard 1968, and planthoppers (Metcalfe 1968, Pollard 1969, Sonku and Sakuvai 1973, Cook and Denno 1994; and, to a lesser extent, phytophagous heteropterans such as tingids (Johnson 1937, Pollard 1959, mirids (Smith 1926, King and Cook 1932, Flemnion et al 1954, Dale and Coaker 1958, Hori 1971, lygaeids (Painter 1928, Snelling et al 1937, Miles 1959a, pyrrhocorids (Saxena 1963), pentatomids (Miles 1964, Hori 1968, and coreids (Krugman andKoerber 1969, Maschwitz et al 1987).…”

“…A general structural distinction separating many auchenorrhynchan stylets from other hemipteran taxa is that the maxillary stylets, rather than the mandibular stylets, are deployed in front of the mandibular stylets during penetration of host tissue (Pollard 1969, Backus 1988. This condition within the Hemiptera may be responsible for the 2nd major feature, namely, that auchenorrhynchan stylet penetration is mostly intracellular, rather than the intercellular condition for stemorrhynchans (Putman 1941;Pollard 1968;Sogawa 1973Sogawa , 1982Cook and Denno 1994;but see Gün-thart and Giinthart 1983). As a consequence, stylet progression into host tissue assumes approximately a linear trajectory rather than a curved to highly convoluted path (Figs.…”