Planting Date Effects on Winter Triticale Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation

Abstract

also capture excess plant available N left after primary crops and decrease the potential of NO 3 leaching into Addition of triticale (ϫTriticosecale Wittmack) into more diversiground water. In studies done with rye (Secale cereale fied cropping systems could provide valuable economic and environmental benefits to producers in the U.S. Corn and Soybean Belt. To L.) cover crops, reductions in the mass of leached N maximize triticale value, research was conducted to identify planting ranged from 59 to 77% compared with no cover crop dates that allowed maximum dry matter production and N capture. (Meisinger et al., 1991). Production of winter triticale Winter triticale was planted at 10-d intervals from 15 September to could provide fall and spring forage supplies when other 15 October at three Iowa locations: central, northeast, and southwest sources are unavailable (Lyon et al., 2001) and allow for two growing seasons: 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Aboveground grain to be harvested and used as a high quality swine dry matter production, N concentration, and N removal were greater feed (Bruckner et al., 1998). To capture these potential at southwest Iowa than central and northeast Iowa. Dry matter probenefits from triticale, proper agronomic production pracduction decreased as planting was delayed from late September to tices must be determined. late October. Nitrogen accumulation at any time during the spring Planting date is one of the most important manageand summer was greater for September-than October-planted triticale in 2002-2003. At the end of the 2002-2003 season, mid-September-ment factors involved in producing high-yielding small planted triticale had accumulated 37% more N than mid-October-grains (McLeod et al., 1992; Dahlke et al., 1993). Howplanted triticale. In 2003-2004, total N capture occurring by early ever, growers may have to delay seeding of winter small May was less for late-October-planted triticale than the other three grains until after the optimal date to accommodate harplanting dates, but there were no differences in N capture among vest of preceding full-season summer crops. Numerous the four planting dates from late May until maturity. Dry matter studies show that delayed planting of winter wheat (Tritproduction was greatest when at least 300 growing degree days icum aestivum L.) decreased forage yields in the subse-(GDDs) (base 4؇C) accumulated between planting and 31 December.quent spring and summer (Corns, 1959; Thill et al., 1978; These results suggest that triticale should be planted in September Baron et al., 1999). When seeding of winter wheat in to maximize spring forage yield and N accumulation although later Alberta was delayed from late August to late Septemplanting dates would provide a higher quality forage if harvest was not delayed into late spring and summer.

Fall and Spring Forage Production and Quality of Winter Cereals Seeded at Three Fall Dates

“…Fall, spring, and total HM declined sharply with successive dates of seeding (Figs. 1 through 4), as has also been reported by Schwarte et al (15). Forage production responses to seeding date had a linear component ( P < 0.001) for fall, spring, and total growth in both years, and a quadratic component ( P ≤ 0.001) only for fall and spring growth from plots seeded in 2002.…”

Yield Stability in Winter Wheat Production: A Survey on German Farmers’ and Advisors’ Views

“…The respondents commented that positive effects on yield stability could only be assumed if sowing date was adapted to site conditions and wheat cultivar. This ranking could be confirmed by related studies, while site, variety type and cultivar adapted sowing date could help to significantly improve yield stability of cereals [13,64,65]. Additionally, a few respondents mentioned that earlier sowing dates (mid-September) may lead to better root growth in autumn, which can improve the drought tolerance of wheat plants in the following spring.…”

EFFECTS OF PLANTING DATE AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT ON COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris) YIELD UNDER WEED-FREE AND WEEDY CONDITIONS

“…Srinivasan et al (1999) reported yield reduction in chickpea due to chilling stress during the reproductive stage in high latitudes and hilly areas of Asia. Several studies have reported that planting date had a significant effect on crop growth and yield (Darby & Lauer, 2002;Hossain et al, 2003;Bhardwaj et al, 2004;Schwarte et al, 2005).…”