Planting System Effect on Yield Response of Russet Norkotah to Irrigation and Nitrogen under High Intensity Sprinkler Irrigation

Abstract

Conversion of potato ridged-row planting systems to wide bed planting systems may increase water and nitrogen use efficiency in commercial irrigated potato production systems by reducing the amount of irrigation water and water applied nitrogen fertilizer bypassing the potato root zone. Wide bed planting systems consist of planting multiple rows on a wide bed with 20 to 35% higher plant population than found in conventional ridgedrow planting systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect planting system has on yield response of 'Russet Norkotah' potato to irrigation and nitrogen. Planting systems evaluated were (1) conventional ridgedrow with dammer-diking; (2) 3.7 m wide bed with five potato rows spaced 66 cm between adjacent rows centered on the bed and; (3) 3.7 m wide bed with seven potato rows spaced 46 cm between adjacent rows. Six irrigation amounts, 50, 70, 85, 100, 115, and 130%, of estimated evapotranspiration after tuber initiation and four nitrogen rates, <20, 50, 100, and 150%, of conventional recommendations were applied to the three planting systems. Interactions between irrigation amounts and nitrogen rate were significant for total and U.S. No. 1 yield, irrigation water use efficiency, and gross return in one or both study years. Interactions between nitrogen rate and planting system were significant for total and U.S. No. 1 yield, irrigation water use efficiency and gross return in the first year of the study. Interactions between irrigation amount and planting system were not significant. In the first study year, total and U.S. No. 1 yields were significantly increased 12 and 19 percent, respectively, under the 7-row bed planting system compared to ridged-row planting system. Comparison of ridged-row planting system and 5-row bed planting system on 31 commercial potato fields in eastern Idaho representing a combined area of 2,800 ha over 5 years resulted in significantly higher total yield and irrigation water use efficiency with the bed planting system. The 5-row bed planting system averaged 6% higher total yield, 5% less water application and an 11% increase in irrigation water use efficiency. The results of this study demonstrate that under high intensity rate sprinkler irrigation in the soil and climatic conditions prevalent in eastern Idaho, bed planting systems provide viable production alternatives for irrigated potato production that may increase total yield, gross return, and irrigation water use efficiency.Resumen La conversión de los sistemas de plantación de papa de surco simple a cama ancha puede incrementar la eficiencia en el uso de agua y nitrógeno en sistemas de producción comercial de papa bajo riego, mediante la reducción de la cantidad de agua de riego y del fertilizante nitrogenado aplicado en el agua que penetra hasta la zona radical de la papa. Los sistemas de plantación de cama ancha consisten en plantar hileras múltiples en una cama amplia con una población de plantas de 20 a 35% mayor que los encontrados en los sistemas convencionales de surc...

Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for potato in organic farming

“…As to total ETc, it has been found that the use of Kc's recommended by FAO, adjusted or not, imply application of water greater than necessary, equivalent to 29.7% (FAO-PM) and 26% (FAO adj PM), which would result in low efficiency in the use of irrigation, considering the maximum yield was obtained when applying a depth corresponding to, approximately, 100% of ETc (PATEL & RAJPUT, 2007;KING & TARKALSON, 2010).…”

Improving Land Use Efficiency and Grower Revenue by Reducing Potato Row Width

“…Only a handful of researchers have examined row width differences in the US (Houghland and Parker 1948;Kunkel 1965;Nelson 1967;Love et al (1995); Mundy et al 1999;Conley et al 2001;King et al 2011;Tarkalson et al 2011). Four papers focused on the effects of conventional row systems vs. bed planting systems (Nelson 1967;Mundy et al 1999;King et al 2011;Tarkalson et al 2011).…”

“…Four papers focused on the effects of conventional row systems vs. bed planting systems (Nelson 1967;Mundy et al 1999;King et al 2011;Tarkalson et al 2011). Houghland andParker (1948), Kunkel (1965), Love et al 1995, andConley et al (2001) were the only researchers to directly compare one or more conventional row-width treatments to another, and Kunkel (1965) was the only one to conduct the row width research in Washington.…”

Dispositivo De Controle De Rotação Para Aspersor De Impacto

“…As características de distribuição de água dos aspersores dependem do modelo de aspersor considerado e das suas condições operacionais como: altura de instalação, diâmetros dos bocais, pressão de serviço, ângulo de saída do jato e velocidade de rotação, além das condições climáticas durante sua operação (King et al, 2011).…”