Plantlet Regeneration through Somatic Embryogenesis in Picea abies (Norway Spruce)

Hakman, Inger; Arnold, Sara von

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(85)80040-7

Cited by 175 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Tissue culturing is one of the most common methods used in the production of transgenic crops, and in the clonal propagation of many species. In Norway spruce, several studies have shown that somatic embryos developed from callus can be used to generate plantlets for tree propagation (33,34). Environmental factors such as temperature can affect this embryogenesis process, and it has been suggested that epigenetic gene regulation plays a role (17,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylome of the 20-gigabase Norway spruce genome

Ausín

Feng

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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DNA methylation plays important roles in many biological processes, such as silencing of transposable elements, imprinting, and regulating gene expression. Many studies of DNA methylation have shown its essential roles in angiosperms (flowering plants). However, few studies have examined the roles and patterns of DNA methylation in gymnosperms. Here, we present genome-wide high coverage single-base resolution methylation maps of Norway spruce (Picea abies) from both needles and somatic embryogenesis culture cells via whole genome bisulfite sequencing. On average, DNA methylation levels of CG and CHG of Norway spruce were higher than most other plants studied. CHH methylation was found at a relatively low level; however, at least one copy of most of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway genes was found in Norway spruce, and CHH methylation was correlated with levels of siRNAs. In comparison with needles, somatic embryogenesis culture cells that are used for clonally propagating spruce trees showed lower levels of CG and CHG methylation but higher level of CHH methylation, suggesting that like in other species, these culture cells show abnormal methylation patterns.NA methylation is the most studied stable and heritable epigenetic modification of eukaryotes, and plays important roles in transcriptional regulation and silencing of repetitive elements and transposons (1). In plants, DNA methylation occurs in three contexts, CG, CHG (H is A, T, or C), and CHH (2-4). In Arabidopsis, forward genetic screens have uncovered many components that are required for DNA methylation. For example, the maintenance of CG, CHG, and a subset of CHH DNA methylation is mediated by METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (MET1), CHRO-MOMETHYLASE (CMT) 3, and CMT2, respectively, whereas the de novo establishment of DNA methylation in all three contexts and the maintenance of the rest of the CHH methylation is mediated by the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway that employs DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 (DRM2) (5).Genome-wide methylome studies have been performed in many plant species, such as Arabidopsis, tomato, poplar, soybean, rice, and cassava (2, 3, 6-11). These studies uncovered conserved DNA methylation patterns in genic regions and transposable element regions across plant genomes. However, the DNA methylation landscapes of gymnosperm species that have large genome sizes and high repeat content are relatively understudied. Takuno et al. have demonstrated that genic CHG methylation was correlated with genome size by studying gene body methylation in selected gymnosperm species (12). However, genome-wide high coverage single-base resolution DNA methylation maps of any gymnosperm are still lacking. It is known that transposable elements (TEs) are the main targets of DNA methylation. However, the roles of DNA methylation in TE-abundant gymnosperm species, for example Norway spruce (Picea abies), whose TEs comprise more than 70% of the genome, have not been studied in detail. Using next generation sequencing technology, the genome o...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylome of the 20-gigabase Norway spruce genome

Ausín

Feng

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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“…Since then, the possibility of somatic embryogenesis was investigated in many coniferous tree species, including some spruces species, mainly because of their importance in forestry (Park et al 1993;Adams et al 1994;John et al 1995). Somatic embryos of spruce, capable of further development into normal plants, were first produced independently by Chalupa (1985) as well as Hakman and von Arnold (1985), from embryogenic tissues initiated from immature zygotic embryos of Picea abies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis of selected spruce species (Picea abies, P. omorika, P. pungens 'Glauca' and P. breweriana)

Hazubska-Przybył

Bojarczuk

2011

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Somatic embryogenesis was studied in four spruce species (Picea abies, P. omorika, P. pungens Glauca and P. breweriana) to determine if this method can be used for in vitro propagation of coniferous trees. The highest frequency of initiation of embryogenic tissue was obtained when mature zygotic embryos were used as explants. It ranged then from 10.8% (P. breweriana) to 23.75% (P. omorika and P. pungens Glauca). The frequency of embryogenic tissue initiation was strongly affected by medium composition, i.e. addition of appropriate auxins (2,4-D, NAA, Picloram) and sucrose concentration (10-20 g·l -1 ). A lower frequency was obtained in Picea omorika (10%) when megagametophytes (endosperms with immature zygotic embryos) were used as explants. No embryogenic tissue was produced from hypocotyls, cotyledons and needles. A satisfactory frequency was achieved with the use of somatic embryos of Picea abies (30%). The proliferation of embryogenic cell lines of spruces was affected by medium type. The experiments resulted in production of somatic plantlets of P. abies and P. omorika. This enables the application of this method of spruce micropropagation for genetic and breeding research or for nursery production.

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“…Embryogenic tissues (ETs) could also be used as a target for transformation. Plantlet regeneration through somatic embryogenesis of coniferous species was first induced in Picea abies (Hakman and von Arnold, 1985) and Larix decidua (Nagmani and Bonga, 1985). Recently, ET induction in C. japonica was reported by Ogita et al (1999), from both immature and mature zygotic embryos collected from a single tree.…”

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confidence: 99%

Difference in the Ability of Initiation and Maintenance of Embryogenic Cultures among Sugi (Cryptomeriajaponica D. Don) Seed Families.

Taniguchi

Kondo

2000

Plant Biotechnology

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Zygotic embryos of Cryptomeria japonica were collected from 20 clones and cultured on halfconcentration of Murashige and Skoog medium containing 10 u M 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to examine the differences in embryogenic tissue (ET) initiation among seed families. ETs were obtained in all the seed families tested, with an overall initiation rate of 45.6 % (689 from 1512 explants). However, initiation rates and maintenance rates differed considerably among seed families. They varied from 7.5 % to 78.5 % and from 1.2 % to 27.8 %, respectively.

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Plantlet Regeneration through Somatic Embryogenesis in Picea abies (Norway Spruce)

Cited by 175 publications

References 6 publications

DNA methylome of the 20-gigabase Norway spruce genome

DNA methylome of the 20-gigabase Norway spruce genome

Somatic embryogenesis of selected spruce species (Picea abies, P. omorika, P. pungens 'Glauca' and P. breweriana)

Difference in the Ability of Initiation and Maintenance of Embryogenic Cultures among Sugi (Cryptomeriajaponica D. Don) Seed Families.

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