Plants and Plant Communities of the Kurram Valley, Pakistan

Hussain, Murtaza; Ahmad, Zeeshan; Iqbal, Majid; Zuhra, Batool; Rasheed, Sana; Khan, Shujaul Mulk

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73943-0_14

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“…Many such sampling-based studies frequently interpret the vegetation at habitats, ecosystems, and regional and global levels (Khan et al, 2011;Longo et al, 2019;Abbas et al, 2021;Ahmad et al, 2022b;Anwar et al, 2022;Haq et al, 2022;Munyasya et al, 2022;Rasheed et al, 2022;Yang et al, 2022). Such studies interpret the intricate vegetation structure more meaningfully in relation to the abiotic environment (Khan et al, 2017;Miao et al, 2018;Ahmad et al, 2021Ahmad et al, , 2022aIqbal et al, 2021;Ali et al, 2022a,b;Hussain et al, 2022;. The present study revealed that the dried condition of the Bin Dara, Dir, is reflected in its vegetation in the form of stunted growth, small leaf size, sparse distribution, dwarf height, and isolated individuals of plant species that in turn are characteristics of the xerophytic flora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic composition, biological spectrum, and phytogeographic distribution of the Bin Dara Dir, in the western boundary of Pakistan

Manan¹,

Khan²,

Zahir³

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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This study assessed the floristic composition, biological spectrum, and phytogeographical elements of the Bin Dara western boundary of Pakistan. The flora consisted of 140 plant species belonging to 47 families. The most dominant family was Poaceae (with 14 species), followed by Asteraceae (11 species). The biological spectrum showed the therophytes (71 species, 50.71%) as the dominant life form class, followed by mega-phanerophytes (27 species, 19.28%), nano-phanerophytes (15 species, 10.71%), geophytes (10 species, 7.14%), chamaephytes (9 species, 6.42%), and hemi-cryptophytes (8 species, 5.71%). Leaf size classes comprised of nanophylls (48 species, 34.28%), microphylls (32 species, 22.85%), mesophylls (22 species, 15.71%), macrophylls (17 species, 12.14%), leptophylls (12 species, 8.57), megaphylls (8 species, 5.75%), and aphyllous (1 species, 0.71%). Cosmopolitan was the most prominent form of phytogeographic elements (with 17 species, 12.14%), followed by pantropical and Euro-Siberian Mediterranean Irano-Turanian (14 species, 10%) each. The pluriregional represented (13 species, 9.28%), Holarctic and Mediterranean Irano-Turanian (10 species, 7.14%), Irano-Turanian and Western Himalayan (9 species, 6.42%) each. It is recommended that further study is needed to map the vegetation, its indicators, and rare species that face a huge threat of endangerment.

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