Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity and problems

Wiedenfeld, Helmut

doi:10.1080/19440049.2010.541288

Cited by 174 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Although pyrrolizidine alkaloids themselves show a relatively low acute toxicity, they undergo a toxication process in the liver, which is the first organ to be affected. First, after absorption, a hydroxyl group is introduced in the necine at positions 3 or 8 by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver, originating unstable compounds that undergo a rapid dehydration process, resulting in a second double-bond in the necine followed by spontaneous rearrangement to an aromatic pyrrole system (Wiedenfeld, 2011). Acute poisoning by pyrrolizidine alkaloids causes haemorrhagic necrosis, hepatomegaly and ascites.…”

Section: Pyrrolizidine and Pyrrolidine Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild edible plants: Nutritional and toxicological characteristics, retrieval strategies and importance for today's society

Pinela

Ferreira

2017

Food and Chemical Toxicology

148

111

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A B S T R A C TWild edible plants (WEPs) are part of the cultural and genetic heritage of different regions of the world. In times of famine and scarcity, these sources of nutrients and health-promoting compounds have received high importance mainly in rural and suburban areas. Although currently underutilized, WEPs are still consumed traditionally by different communities and are gaining relevance in today's society. However, these foods lack recognition as significant contributors to the human diet in developed areas. This review describes the nutritional value of WEPs from the North-eastern region of Portugal and points out those containing potentially toxic compounds. Several retrieval strategies are presented with the aim of promoting the (re)use, production, commercialization and conservation of WEPs (wild harvested plants and crop wild relatives), and their importance for social, economic and agro-ecological development is highlighted.

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Section: Pyrrolizidine and Pyrrolidine Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild edible plants: Nutritional and toxicological characteristics, retrieval strategies and importance for today's society

Pinela

Ferreira

2017

Food and Chemical Toxicology

148

111

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“…PAs functioned in the resistance against generalist herbivores (Leiss et al, 2009b;Macel & Klinkhamer 2010) such as generalist snail (Helix aspersa) (Cano et al, 2009), leafminer (Liriomyzia moth), western flower thrips (Franklinella occidentalis) (Cheng 2012), Brachycaudus cardii (Vrieling et al, 1990;Macel 2003;Leiss et al, 2009a). In the study about PAs effect on vertebrates, PAs were considered as carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, fetotoxic and teratogenic factors (Fu et al, 2004;Wiedenfeld 2011). They are toxic to humans and ruminants (Wiedenfeld & Edgar 2011), livestock (Habermehl et al, 1988;Rizk 1990) such as cattle, horses, sheep, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris plants from native and invasive ranges

Cheng

Nguyen

Ndihokubwayo

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), a typical kind of secondary metabolites in plants, have important roles on defense against herbivores and pathogens; however, specialist herbivores adapted to PAs can use them as cues for oviposition and feeding. Thus, in the native ranges, PA diversity and concentration in plants were selected by the balance between pressure from generalist and specialist herbivores. In introduced ranges, where the specialist herbivores are absent, the introduced plants could increase concentration and diversity of PAs. This predication is deduced from the Shift Defense Hypothesis (SDH). In this research, we investigated whether there were any differences between native and invasive Senecio vulgaris plants (from Europe and China, respectively) with regards to the PA composition and concentration. We grew the native and invasive S. vulgaris plants in an identical condition and harvested them when they started to bloom. Their roots and shoots were separately harvested and dried. PA composition and concentration from powder of the shoots and roots were detected by using liquid chromatography -tanderm mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified 14 PAs which belongs to the structural group senecionine -like PAs. Most of them occurred in both the native and invasive S. vulgaris plants, except the usaramine N -oxide that was only found in the native ones. From the 14 PAs identified, only riddelliine N -oxide had significantly higher present frequency in the invasive plants than in the native plants. The invasive S. vulgaris plants had significantly lower concentration of 3 individual PAs (seneciphylline N -oxide, spartioidine and spartioidine N -oxide) than the native ones. These results demonstrated that PA diversity and concentration of some individual PAs tended to reduce in the invasive range of S. vulgaris. This is contrary to the predictions of the SDH that the invasive plants would produce more qualitative defense than the native ones, and it is probably an evidence that a little trade -off between defense and growth happened to the S. vulgaris in China.

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“…The ingestion of S. vulgaris and other species of this genus has been implicated as a possible cause of liver toxicity in livestock (Wiedenfeld 2011), because the plants of S. vulgaris contains high amount of pyrrolizidine alkaloids which cause liveer toxicity in livestack and humun beiings (Borstel et al 1989). Numerous cases of triazineresistant S. vulgaris have been reported in Europe, North America and South America, and genetice researdch showed this kind of herbicide-resistance evolved by multiple, independent appearances of mutant alleles followed by spread (Délye et al 2015;Salzmann et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the potential distributions of Senecio vulgaris L. in China

Cheng

2015

Preprint

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Predicting potential distribution for alien plants by species distribution model (SDM, or Ecological Niche Model) using occurrence data and habitat environmental variables plays an important role in management of the invasive risk by an alien plant. Common groundsels (Senecio vulgaris, Asteracea), native in Eurasia and North Africa, has been a cosmopolitan weed in temperature and also listed as one of invasive plants in China. We predict the potential distribution of this species in the world and in China particularly in Maxent (maximum entropy) models by using global occurrence records of S. vulgaris and the associated climate variables. The occurrence data were collected from the online databases, Global Biodiversity Information Facility database (GBIF), Chinese Virtual Herbarium database (CVH), and also from field work in China. The climate variables were download from WorldClim (http://www.worldclim.org). The occurrence records showed that S. vulgaris is present in 16 provinces or regions in north -eastern, south -western, central and north China, and almost not present in southeastern, north -western China. The mapping of S. vulgaris potential distribution is diagonally across China, including the north -eastern, south -western China, and the cool area between the two regions. Analysis of the contribution and importance of climatic factors in the prediction model indicated that S. vulgaris adapts to the climate in humid and cool area in China (annual mean temperature ranges 2.4 -17.5 ℃, and annual precipitation ranges 550 -1500 mm). It is suggested that special attention should be paid to the plain in NE China and Shandong Peninsula, Yungui Plateau, the cool mountain area around Sichuan basin, in western Hubei, southern Shaanxi, Shanxi and around Beijing in order to manage the invasion risk by S. vulgaris. The better performance of the model built by using occurrence data in China than that by using the global data in relation the predict outcome in China imply that it is might be better to use regional data than the global data when predict potential distribution for an alien plant with long invasive history in study area.

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Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity and problems

Cited by 174 publications

References 57 publications

Wild edible plants: Nutritional and toxicological characteristics, retrieval strategies and importance for today's society

Wild edible plants: Nutritional and toxicological characteristics, retrieval strategies and importance for today's society

Variation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris plants from native and invasive ranges

Predicting the potential distributions of Senecio vulgaris L. in China

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