Plants?the origin of kairomones utilized by parasitoids of phytophagous insects?

Hendry, Lawrence B.; Wichmann, J. K.; Hindenlang, D. M.; Weaver, K. M.; Korzeniowski, Stephen H.

doi:10.1007/bf00988277

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The parasitoid should now be in the proper place to find a host and therefore should be able to find host-produced cues. However, many of the compounds originate in the plant and are minimally changed by the host (Hendry et al 1976;Thompson et al 1983;Ramachandran et al 1991). This is in contrast to the host acceptance and oviposition step, in which the cues are synthesized by the host itself.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A survey of identified kairomones and synomones used by insect parasitoids to locate and accept their hosts

Rutledge

1996

Chemoecology

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Summary.The host utilization process of insect parasitoids can be described by three stages of (1) habitatlocation, (2) host-location, and (3) host-acceptance and oviposition. There are 19 systems in which chemicals used in habitat-location have been identified, 12 systems in which chemical cues leading to host-location have been identified, and 16 systems in which chemicals eliciting host-acceptance and oviposition have been identified. Both the chemical class and the source of the infochemical change with the stage of the host utilization process. Semiochemicals identified in the habitatlocation stage were predominantly aldehydes, alcohols, sulfur-containing compounds, esters and terpenes, and were equally likely to be from the host-plant of the host, or from the host itself. Semiochemicals identified in the host-location stage were sugars, alkanes, terpenes and heterocyclic aromatic compounds and 3/4 of them were host-produced cues. In the host-acceptance and oviposition stage the identified semiochemicals were all produced by the host and were proteins, amino acids, triglycerides and salts. The importance of recognizing specific cues involved in host utilization by parasitoids is discussed, and suggestions for future research are made.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A survey of identified kairomones and synomones used by insect parasitoids to locate and accept their hosts

Rutledge

1996

Chemoecology

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“…In some cases, the surface lipids of herbivorous insects have been shown to be similar to those of their host plant [61,62] and hydrocarbons added to the diet have been incorporated directly into insect cuticle [63]. An examination of the surface lipids of species which interact on four trophic levels showed some interesting similarities in surface chemistry [64].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plant and insect cuticular lipids serve as behavioral cues for insects

Espelie

Bernays

Brown

1991

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The roles of plant and insect cuticular lipids in insect and plant interactions are reviewed. Emphasis i s given to the influence that the host plant and the surface lipids o f the host plant have upon insect herbivores and the predators and parasitoids of these herbivores. Variations in cuticular lipids of herbivorous insects are dependent upon the host plant, and these variations may affect the behavior of predators and parasitoids. The cuticular lipids of species which interact on multiple trophic levels are compared. Similarities were found between the hydrocarbons of herbivorous insects, their host plants, and their predators or parasitoids.

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“…The behavior of T. exiguum might also be affected by differences in surface chemistry among plant species. Tricosane, an active kairomone in moth scales, is also present in varying concentrations in many plants (Hendry et aL, 1976). Variations in concentrations of tricosane or other behavior-modifying chemicals may affect T. exiguum searching behavior on different plant species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of leaf surfaces on movements by the hymenopterous parasitoid Trichogramma exiguum

Keller

1987

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Walking speeds of female Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner were fastest on maize and soybean (12 cm/min), intermediate on tomato (8 cm/min), and slowest on woolly mullein, Verbascum thapsus (3 cm/min). Similarly, rates of turning along the paths of walking T. exiguum were smallest on maize (median angle = 0° ± 15°), intermediate on soybean and tomato, and greatest on V. thapsus (median angle = 30° ± 15°). Leaf trichome density and morphology influenced walking behavior. Walking was slowed and flight initiation delayed for T. exiguum walking on Amaranthus hybridus leaves compared to either maize or filter paper. When inundative releases are conducted, the effects of plant surfaces on searching rates and arrestment should be considered in determining release rates of Trichogramma spp. RÉSUMÉ Les vitesses de marche, les taux de changement de direction et les taux d'envol sur divers substrats végétaux chez Trichogramma exiguum. La vitesse de marche a été déterminée en lâchant des individus sur chaque substrat végétal et en traçant leur parcours sur une plaque de verre placée à 9 mm au dessus du sujet. Les déviations angulaires de portions successives des tracés, longues de 1 mm, ont été utilisées pour mesurer les taux de changement de direction. Dans une deuxième expérience, des individus ont été lâchés au milieu d'une cercle de 40 mm de diamètre sur chaque substrat et les temps écoulés avant I'envol ou pour atteindre le bord du cercle à la marche ont servi à évaluer respectivement la propension au vol et la vitesse de déambulation. Les vitesses de marche ont été les plus rapides sur maïs et soja (12 cm/min), moyennes sur tomate (8 cm/min) et les plus lentes sur Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariaceae) (3 cm/min). De le même façon, les angles de changement de direction au cours des marches effectuées par T. exiguum ont été plus petits sur maïs, moyens sur soja et tomate, et plus grands sur V. thapsus. Chez T. exiguum marchant sur des feuilles d'Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae), la marche a été plus lente et l'envol plus tardif que sur maīs ou papier filtre. Lors de lâchers inondatifs, les effets des surfaces végétales sur les vitesses d'exploration et d'arrêt devraient être pris en compte pour déterminer les vitesses de lâcher des Trichogramma spp.

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Plants?the origin of kairomones utilized by parasitoids of phytophagous insects?

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

A survey of identified kairomones and synomones used by insect parasitoids to locate and accept their hosts

A survey of identified kairomones and synomones used by insect parasitoids to locate and accept their hosts

Plant and insect cuticular lipids serve as behavioral cues for insects

Influence of leaf surfaces on movements by the hymenopterous parasitoid Trichogramma exiguum

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