Plasma AA and DHA levels are not compromised in newly diagnosed gestational diabetic women

Thomas, Beverley; Ghebremeskel, Kebreab; Lowy, C.; Min, Yoeju; Crawford, Michael

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601996

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our results are in agreement with observational studies in neonates born to mothers with GDM that reported decreased percentages of DHA both in cord plasma and in cord red blood cells [28,30,31] . The reduced ratio of 13 C-DHA between cord and maternal plasma occurred not only when using the concentration ratio [26] but also with the enrichment ratio ( fig.…”

Section: Perinatal Risk Factors For Fetal Overgrowthsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…A disturbed incorporation of DHA in maternal plasma phospholipids could affect the plasma clearance of 13 C-DHA and its placental uptake in this pathology. These results are in agreement with Thomas et al [28] , who suggested a potential failure to incorporate LC-PUFA into red cell phospholipids in addition to a defect in placental transport in GDM.…”

Section: Perinatal Risk Factors For Fetal Overgrowthsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Placental Fatty Acid Transfer: A Key Factor in Fetal Growth

et al. 2014

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The functionality of the placenta may affect neonatal adiposity and fetal levels of key nutrients such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fetal macrosomia and its complications may occur even in adequately controlled gestational diabetic (GDM) mothers, suggesting that maternal glycemia is not the only determinant of fetal glycemic status and wellbeing. We studied in vivo the placental transfer of fatty acids (FA) labeled with stable isotopes administered to 11 control and 9 GDM pregnant women (6 treated with insulin). Subjects received orally 13C-palmitic, 13C-oleic, and 13C-linoleic acids and 13C-docosahexaenoic acid (13C-DHA) 12 h before an elective caesarean section. FA were quantified by gas chromatography and 13C enrichments by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The 13C-FA concentration was higher in total lipids of maternal plasma in GDM patients versus controls, except for 13C-DHA. Moreover, 13C-DHA showed a lower placenta/maternal plasma ratio in GDM patients versus controls and a significantly lower cord/maternal plasma ratio. Other FA ratios studied were not different between GDM and controls. A disturbed 13C-DHA placental uptake occurred in GDM patients treated with diet or insulin, while the latter also had lower 13C-DHA levels in the venous cord. The tracer study pointed towards an impaired placental DHA uptake as a critical step, while the transfer of other 13C-FA was less affected. Patients with GDM treated with insulin could also have a greater fetal fat storage, which may have contributed to the reduced 13C-DHA in the venous cord observed. The DHA transfer to the fetus was reduced in GDM pregnancies compared to controls. This might have an influence on fetal neurodevelopment and long-term consequences for the child.

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Section: Perinatal Risk Factors For Fetal Overgrowthsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Perinatal Risk Factors For Fetal Overgrowthsupporting

confidence: 83%

Placental Fatty Acid Transfer: A Key Factor in Fetal Growth

et al. 2014

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“…A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in its transfer to the neonate is important to improving fetal DHA status, not only in uncomplicated pregnancies but also in disorders associated with poor DHA status. Despite normal plasma arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA concentrations in women with gestational diabetes (5,6), low erythrocyte phospholipid long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) were found in their infants (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic acid supply in pregnancy affects placental expression of fatty acid transport proteins

Larqué

Krauss‐Etschmann

Campoy

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

122

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Background: Better understanding of the mechanisms involved in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) transfer to the neonate may contribute to improve dietary support for infants born prematurely to mothers with placental lipid transport disorders. Objective: We studied whether DHA supplements modify the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of placental lipid transport proteins to allow a selective transfer of DHA to the fetus. Design: Healthy pregnant women (n ҃ 136) received, in a doubleblind randomized trial, 500 mg DHA ѿ 150 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 400 g 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid, 500 mg DHA ѿ 400 g 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid, or placebo during the second half of gestation. We analyzed the fatty acid composition of maternal and cord blood phospholipids and of placenta; we quantified placental mRNA expression of fatty acid-transport protein 1 (FATP-1), FATP-4, FATP-6, fatty acid translocase, fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) plasma membrane, heart-FABP, adipocyte-FABP, and brain-FABP.

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“…Fatty acid incorporation in placental lipid droplets may also interfere in their rate of fetal transfer. In fact, in GDM, a significant discrepancy between normal LC-PUFA contents in erythrocyte and plasma phospholipids of the mother but reduced LC-PUFA contents in plasma phospholipids of the neonate was found [24,25]. These data suggest that LC-PUFA transport from the placenta to the fetal circulation could be impaired in women with gestational diabetes.…”

Section: Mechanisms Involved In the Placental Transfer Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 80%