Plasma-Activated Electrolysis for Cogeneration of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen from Water and Nitrogen

Patel, H.C.; Sharma, Rakesh Kumar; Kyriakou, V.; Pandiyan, Arunkumar; Welzel, S.; Sanden, M.C.M. van de; Tsampas, Mihalis N.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01517

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The results from this study can serve as a benchmark for designing multi‐reaction plasma reactors. One such reactor has been developed recently, which performs water splitting by electrochemical catalysis at atmospheric pressure and uses the generated oxygen in‐situ for NO synthesis in an ICP‐RF reactor operating at vacuum pressures …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the Yield of Ammonia by Hydrogen‐Sink Effect during Plasma Catalysis

et al. 2019

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Plasma‐catalytic ammonia synthesis has been known since the early 1900s, but only until now efforts to optimize catalysts for this purpose are emerging. Here, we investigate various transition metals, low‐melting‐point metals, and gallium‐rich alloy catalysts for their activity towards ammonia production under a plasma environment. The best three pure metal catalysts were Ni, Sn and Au, which are not traditional catalysts for the current industrial ammonia synthesis. The ammonia yields for these catalysts were 34 %, 29 %, and 19 %, respectively. Synergistic effects were detected when employing alloys, as some alloys presented ∼25–50 % higher yields than their constituent metals. The employed metals were classified into two categories. Category I metals (Cu, Ag, Au and Fe), which are nitrophobic (excluding Fe, the Haber‐Bosch catalyst) and poor hydrogen sinks. For these metals, the measured concentration of Hα in the gas phase tended to correlate inversely with ammonia yield and directly with the H binding strength on the catalyst surface. Category II metals (Ga, In, Sn and Ni), which are good hydrogen sinks, tend to have a lower concentration of Hα in the gas phase than that of category I metals, which is consistent with their expected sink behavior. For these metals, the concentration of Hα correlates with ammonia yield. Plasma characterization experiments and DFT calculations suggest that the higher performance of Ni and Sn is related to the benefit of dissolving hydrogen to slow down H recombination, which is a feature that could be potentially optimized in future studies by rationally altering the catalyst composition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the Yield of Ammonia by Hydrogen‐Sink Effect during Plasma Catalysis

et al. 2019

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“…Research in this scientific field has revealed great potential and progress into using plasma technology to enable endothermic chemical reactions at low reactor temperatures, to improve the properties of catalysts and to synthesize renewable energy materials from greenhouse gases [4, 13 14]. So far different types of plasma technology [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] with or without catalysts have been tested on their performance compared to the traditionally thermal chemical processes. Especially a lot of work has been done on Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) generated plasma to dissociate CO2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of CO2 by non- thermal inductively-coupled plasma catalysis

Devid

Ronda‐Lloret

Huang

et al. 2020

Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics

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CO2 decomposition is a very strongly endothermic reaction where very high temperatures are required to thermally dissociate CO2. Radio frequency inductively-coupled plasma enables to selectively activate and dissociate CO2 at room temperature. Tuning the flow rate and the frequency of the radio frequency inductively-coupled plasma gives high yields of CO under mild conditions. Finally the discovery of a plasma catalytic effect has been demonstrated for CO2 dissociation that shows a significant increase of the CO yield by metallic meshes. The metallic meshes become catalyst under exposure to plasma to activate the recombination reaction of atomic O to yield O2, thereby is reducing the reaction to convert CO back to CO2. Inductively-coupled hybrid plasma catalysis allows access to study and to utilize high CO2 conversion in a non-thermal plasma regime. This advance offers opportunities to investigate the possibility to use radio frequency inductively-coupled plasma to store superfluous renewable electricity into high-valuable CO in times where the price of renewable electricity is plunging.

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“…The N 2 -O 2 plasma is generated in the area near the coil and activated species flow toward the heating mantle, which is kept at 873 K. 21 to 10 −2 . Also reported is the thermodynamic equilibrium production of NO at 873 K. NO production at zero plasma power (i.e.…”

Section: Plasma-catalytic N 2 Oxidation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation and Rationalization of Nitrogen Oxidation Enabled Only by Coupled Plasma and Catalyst

Sharma²,

Welzel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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<div> <div> <div> <p>Heterogeneous catalysts coupled with non-thermal plasma (NTP) are known to achieve reaction yields that exceed the contributions of the individual components. Rationalization of the enhancing potential of catalysts, however, remains challenging because the background contributions from NTP are often non-negligible. Here, we first demonstrate nitrogen (N2) oxidation by radio frequency plasma and platinum (Pt) combination at conditions in which nitric oxide (NO) yield from plasma or Pt is vanishingly small. We then develop reactor models based on reduced NTP- and surface-microkinetic mechanisms to identify the features of each that lead to the synergy between NTP and Pt. At experimental conditions, NO yields from NTP and thermal catalysis are suppressed by radical reactions and inhibited by high N2 dissociation barrier, respectively. Pt catalyzes NTP-generated radicals and vibrationally excited molecules to produce NO. The model construction further illustrates that the optimization of yield and energy efficiency involves tuning of plasma species, catalysts properties, and the reactor configurations to couple the two. These results provide unambiguous evidence of the benefits of combining plasma and catalysts and open approaches to design the coupled system. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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Plasma-Activated Electrolysis for Cogeneration of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen from Water and Nitrogen

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Enhancement of the Yield of Ammonia by Hydrogen‐Sink Effect during Plasma Catalysis

Enhancement of the Yield of Ammonia by Hydrogen‐Sink Effect during Plasma Catalysis

Conversion of CO2 by non- thermal inductively-coupled plasma catalysis

Observation and Rationalization of Nitrogen Oxidation Enabled Only by Coupled Plasma and Catalyst

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