Plasma adiponectin in hypertensive patients with and without metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Introduction. The metabolic syndrome is defined on the basis of a cluster of coexisting metabolic deteriorations, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Earlier studies suggested a role of adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome-induced complications. Some clinical studies reported the association of hypoadiponectinemia with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Decreased adiponectin has been proposed as a useful biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to compare serum adiponectin levels in patients with primary hypertension with and without coexisting metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. The study group comprised 145 patients aged 18-50 years with primary hypertension. On the basis of IDF diagnostic criteria, all patients were categorized in groups with (HTMS; n = 73) and without (HTC; n = 72) metabolic syndrome. Study protocol included anthropometric measurements including waist circumference, 24 hour blood pressure measurement, serum levels of adiponectin, uric acid, lipids, insulin and glucose, and assessment of insulin resistance using HOMA-IR index. Results. The plasma levels of adiponectin were significantly lower in the subjects with hypertension and metabolic syndrome as compared with those without the MS (4.2 ± 3.1 μg/dL vs. 6.7 ± 6.5 μg/dL, p = 0.0026). In all patients with hypertension, adiponectin negatively correlated with insulin (r = −0.20; p = 0.014), HOMA-IR (r = −0.24; p = 0.003), triglycerides (r = −0.19; p = 0.025), uric acid (r = −0.25; p = 0.003) and positively with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.33; p = 0.0001). In the ROC curve analysis, the cutoff value predicting metabolic syndrome in patients with hypertension was 4.1 μg/mL for adiponectin. Conclusions. In conclusion, low adiponectin levels should be taken into account as a potential non-classical biomarker of metabolic complications in patients with primary hypertension, not only with concomitant metabolic syndrome.

Correlation between adiponectin level and the degree of fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

“…Significant negative correlation was also found between DBP and adiponectin levels with a P-value of 0.023. This agreed with Brzeska et al [4] who found that plasma levels of adiponectin were significantly lower in the patients with hypertension (P = 0.0026). Also, Baden et al [1] has found that adiponectin showed a significant negative correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01).…”

“…This was found to be consistent with Brzeska et al [4], who reported a significant negative correlation between TG and adiponectin level (P = 0.025), while a highly significant positive correlation between adiponectin and HDL levels (P = 0.0001), but they reported no correlation between adiponectin and total cholesterol levels. Also, Maghsoudi et al [23] found a significant negative association between adiponectin and TG as well as LDL levels (P < 0.05) and a significant positive correlation with HDL (P < 0.05).…”

Association of serum uric acid with visceral, subcutaneous and hepatic fat quantified by magnetic resonance imaging

“…SAT, on the other hand, has a higher secretion of adiponectin, which has anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Uric acid inhibits adiponectin production in adipocytes 34,36 Adiponectin levels are negatively correlated with uric acid 37 and adiponectin production is lower in obese individuals. In our analysis, we found higher amounts of SAT in individuals with hyperuricemia, but this association was attenuated after adjustment for anthropometric measures.…”

Relations of angiotensin-(1-7) with hemodynamic and cardiac structural and functional parameters in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes

“…It has been proved that T2D increases the cardiovascular risk 2-fold in men, 3-fold in women and the presence of hypertension further increases the risk 4-fold in patients with diabetes [1]. Nowadays, the scientists pay special attention to studying the influence of hormones, adipokines, endogenous peptides, and inflammation factors in the pathogenesis of both hypertension and diabetes [2][3][4].…”