Plasma Adrenocorticotropin, Cortisol, and Adrenocorticotropin/ Cortisol Ratios in Septic and Normal‐Term Foals

Gold, Jenifer R.; Divers, Thomas J.; Barton, Michelle Henry; Lamb, Simon; Place, Ned J.; Mohammed, H.O.; Bain, Fairfield T.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03023.x

Cited by 43 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Baseline cortisol concentrations and expected ACTH stimulation test results have been published for 0.1 μg/kg, 10 μg/foal, 100 μg/foal, and 250 μg/foal doses of cosyntropin for healthy foals at various ages. Septic foals have been found to have significantly higher concentrations of endogenous ACTH and baseline cortisol than normal foals, as would be expected during physiologic stress of illness. However, Wong et al reported no differences in these endogenous hormone concentrations when comparing septic and nonseptic sick, or when comparing sick and healthy foals .…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 75%

“…However, Wong et al reported no differences in these endogenous hormone concentrations when comparing septic and nonseptic sick, or when comparing sick and healthy foals . Endogenous ACTH concentrations and ACTH‐cortisol ratios appear to be significantly higher in nonsurviving septic foals than in survivors, suggesting their adrenal glands may be inadequately responsive to ACTH. Dembek et al reported that septic nonsurviving foals had lower baseline cortisol concentrations than survivors, while Armengou et al found that critically ill nonsurviving foals (both septic and nonseptic) had higher admission cortisol concentrations than survivors .…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controversies surrounding critical illness‐related corticosteroid insufficiency in animals

Creedon

2014

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversies surrounding critical illness‐related corticosteroid insufficiency in animals

Creedon

2014

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…Survival of premature and dysmature foals is influenced by the degree of maturity of several key endocrine systems . In particular, immaturity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis is associated with impaired stress responses and increased mortality in the face of sepsis . Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia can both occur in critically ill foals , as in human neonates .…”

Section: Alterations In Insulin Metabolism In the Foalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin dysregulation

Frank

Tadros

2013

Equine Veterinary Journal

183

174

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SummaryAbnormalities of insulin metabolism include hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, and these problems are collectively referred to as insulin dysregulation in this review. Insulin dysregulation is a key component of equine metabolic syndrome: a collection of endocrine and metabolic abnormalities associated with the development of laminitis in horses, ponies and donkeys. Insulin dysregulation can also accompany prematurity and systemic illness in foals. Causes of insulin resistance are discussed, including pathological conditions of obesity, systemic inflammation and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, as well as the physiological responses to stress and pregnancy. Most of the discussion of insulin dysregulation to date has focused on insulin resistance, but there is increasing interest in hyperinsulinaemia itself and insulin responses to feeding. An oral sugar test or in-feed oral glucose tolerance test can be performed to assess insulin responses to dietary carbohydrates, and these tests are now recommended for use in clinical practice. Incretin hormones are likely to play an important role in postprandial hyperinsulinaemia and are the subject of current research. Insulin resistance exacerbates hyperinsulinaemia, and insulin sensitivity can be measured by performing a combined glucose-insulin test or i.v. insulin tolerance test. In both of these tests, exogenous insulin is administered and the rate of glucose uptake into tissues measured. Diagnosis and management of hyperinsulinaemia is recommended to reduce the risk of laminitis. The term insulin dysregulation is introduced here to refer collectively to excessive insulin responses to sugars, fasting hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, which are all components of equine metabolic syndrome.

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“…The reagents are specifically designed for use with the Immulite 1000 ® automated analyzer. This assay is used regularly for clinical diagnostic quantification of ACTH in unextracted equine (Perkins et al, 2002) and canine (Scott-Moncrieff et al, 2003;Galac et al, 2005) plasma samples by the AHDC Endocrinology Laboratory and has been used in research applications for other species primarily with equine samples (Donaldson et al, 2005;Gold et al, 2007). The analytical sensitivity of the assay is 9 pg/mL, and the calibration range is up to 1,250 pg/mL.…”

Section: Acth Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Collection and Storage Conditions on Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Measurements in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Lewis¹

2013

Aquat Mamm

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Identifying the effects of stressors on marine mammal health is critical for species conservation and collection. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) is a key indicator of peracute stress; however, handling methods may affect results. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of collection methods and storage temperature on the stability of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) ACTH measurements. Blood was collected from five managed-care bottlenose dolphins in four vacutainers ™ in the following sequence: EDTA, sodium heparin, serum separator, and 2nd EDTA. The specimens were centrifuged, processed immediately, aliquoted into plasma and serum, and divided into four equal volumes. These aliquots were immediately stored at either 4º or -80º C for 24 h prior to the ACTH assay. ACTH concentrations were compared between the collection tube types and the storage temperatures. There was a significant difference in ACTH concentration across collection tube types. ACTH concentrations were highest in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes and lowest in serum separator tubes at both temperatures. Twenty-four hour storage temperature did not have a statistically significant impact on mean ACTH concentration. There was no significant difference in ACTH concentration between the first and last drawn EDTA tubes. Bottlenose dolphin whole blood should be collected in EDTA for ACTH measurement. Samples may be refrigerated and shipped on cold packs if assayed within 24 h of collection or immediately frozen and shipped. When multiple samples are collected in various collection tubes at the same time, the order in which tubes are filled does not affect the ACTH measurement.

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Plasma Adrenocorticotropin, Cortisol, and Adrenocorticotropin/ Cortisol Ratios in Septic and Normal‐Term Foals

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Controversies surrounding critical illness‐related corticosteroid insufficiency in animals

Controversies surrounding critical illness‐related corticosteroid insufficiency in animals

Insulin dysregulation

Influence of Collection and Storage Conditions on Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Measurements in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

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