Plasma amino acids in children from Guadalajara with kwashiorkor

Padilla, Héctor; Sanchez, Albert; Powell, R. N.; Umezawa, Chisae; Swendseid, Marian E.; Prado, Purificación Martínez de; Sigala, R.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/24.3.353

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the present study, the concentration of plasma protein, and especially albumin, was also found to be a sensitive parameter of protein intake. This finding is also consistent with results in malnourished children by DUZEN et al (34) and PADILLA et al (35) and in protein-deprived dog by HEARD et al (36). As reported previously (9), the mainte nance N requirements for subjects with a maintenance energy intake were about 90 mg/kg for egg protein and about 120mg/kg for rice protein.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of low-protein diets on free amino acids in plasma of young men: Effect of protein quality with maintenance or excess energy intake.

Fujita

Yoshimura

Inoue

1978

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of low-protein diets on free amino acids in plasma of young men: Effect of protein quality with maintenance or excess energy intake.

Fujita

Yoshimura

Inoue

1978

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…Since branchedchain amino acids are mainly metabolized by nonhepatic tissues (47) (49) and kwashiorkor (50), the patients in this study were on a eucaloric, balanced diet, containing 1.1-1.6 g protein/kg per day (Table I), approximately three-fourths of which were of high biologic value. Ginn et al (10) have shown that an intake of 0.75 g/kg per day of high biologic value protein is adequate to maintain nitrogen balance in patients on hemodialysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone-fuel concentrations in anephric subjects. Effect of hemodialysis (with special reference to amino acids).

Ganda¹,

Aoki²,

Soeldner³

et al. 1976

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Arterial blood concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and various substrates were determined in six anephric subjects in the postabsorptive state and immediately after hemodialysis. Plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were normal, and declined during dialysis. Plasma glucagon was elevated and remained unchanged. There was moderate hypertriglyceridemia before dialysis, but this decreased significantly after administration of heparin just before the start of dialysis, and at the end of dialysis was lowered further into the normal range.Comparison of postabsorptive whole blood concentrations of amino acids with those in normal, healthy adults revealed striking differences. Glutamine, proline, citrulline, glycine and both 1-and 3-methyl-histidines were increased, while serine, glutamate, tyrosine, lysine, and branched-chain amino acids were decreased. The glycine/serine ratio was elevated to 300% and tyrosine/ phenylalanine ratio was lowered to 60% of normal.To investigate the potential role of blood cells in amino acid transport, the distribution of individual amino acids in plasma and blood cell compartments was studied. Despite a markedly diminished blood cell mass (mean hematocrit, 20.6+1.4%), there was no significant decrease in the fraction of most amino acids present in the cell compartment, and this was explained by increases of several amino acids in cellular water. None were decreased. Furthermore, during dialysis, whole blood and plasma amino acids declined by approximately 30% and 40%, respectively, whereas no sig-

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“…L-arginine is derived from 1) turnover of cellular protein; 2) from endogenous synthesis: by de novo synthesis from citrulline; and 3) the diet via protein, which contained from 3-15% of L-arginine [14, 15]. It is therefore likely that insufficient level of protein in the diet result in reduced levels of L-arginine in plasma [49–51]. Consequently, both PEM and increased levels of arginase might contribute to the lower level of L-arginine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEM malnutrition not only results in lower levels of L-arginine, it also results in severe alteration of the levels of different amino acid [49–51]. It is likely that these changes impact on macrophage effector functions; for example, glutamine deprivation impacts on antigen presentation, HLA-DR expression and cytotoxic effect of TNF-α of macrophages [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein energy malnutrition increases arginase activity in monocytes and macrophages

et al. 2014

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BackgroundProtein energy malnutrition is commonly associated with immune dysfunctions and is a major factor in susceptibility to infectious diseases.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the impact of protein energy malnutrition on the capacity of monocytes and macrophages to upregulate arginase, an enzyme associated with immunosuppression and increased pathogen replication.ResultsOur results show that monocytes and macrophages are significantly increased in the bone marrow and blood of mice fed on a protein low diet. No alteration in the capacity of bone marrow derived macrophages isolated from malnourished mice to phagocytose particles, to produce the microbicidal molecule nitric oxide and to kill intracellular Leishmania parasites was detected. However, macrophages and monocytes from malnourished mice express significantly more arginase both in vitro and in vivo. Using an experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis, we show that following protein energy malnutrition, the increased parasite burden measured in the spleen of these mice coincided with increased arginase activity and that macrophages provide a more permissive environment for parasite growth.ConclusionsTaken together, these results identify a novel mechanism in protein energy malnutrition that might contributes to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases by upregulating arginase activity in myeloid cells.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1743-7075-11-51) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Plasma amino acids in children from Guadalajara with kwashiorkor

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of low-protein diets on free amino acids in plasma of young men: Effect of protein quality with maintenance or excess energy intake.

Effect of low-protein diets on free amino acids in plasma of young men: Effect of protein quality with maintenance or excess energy intake.

Hormone-fuel concentrations in anephric subjects. Effect of hemodialysis (with special reference to amino acids).

Protein energy malnutrition increases arginase activity in monocytes and macrophages

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