Plasma and Developing Enamel Fluoride Concentrations During Chronic Acid-base Disturbances

Whitford, Gary M.; Reynolds, K. E.

doi:10.1177/00220345790580110401

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Increased plasma fluoride levels are also obtained during metabolic acidosis, which makes the kidneys re-absorb more fluoride, when rats are exposed to fluoride in drinking water. Despite a lower total fluoride intake by acidotic rats, as compared with normal or alkalotic rats, plasma fluoride levels in acidotic rats are substantially higher than in normal or alkalotic rats (Whitford and Reynolds, 1979). This indicates that plasma fluoride levels can be independent of, or even inversely related to, fluoride intake and strongly points out the necessity of using plasma fluoride levels, rather than total fluoride intake, to assess dose-effect relations (Whitford and Reynolds, 1979).…”

Section: Fluoride Intake In Relation To Plasma Fluoride Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Fluoride on Ameloblasts and the Mechanisms of Enamel Fluorosis

Lyaruu²,

2009

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Intake of excess amounts of fluoride during tooth development cause enamel fluorosis, a developmental disturbance that makes enamel more porous. In mild fluorosis, there are white opaque striations across the enamel surface, whereas in more severe cases, the porous regions increase in size, with enamel pitting, and secondary discoloration of the enamel surface. The effects of fluoride on enamel formation suggest that fluoride affects the enamelforming cells, the ameloblasts. Studies investigating the effects of fluoride on ameloblasts and the mechanisms of fluorosis are based on in vitro cultures as well as animal models. The use of these model systems requires a biologically relevant fluoride dose, and must be carefully interpreted in relation to human tooth formation. Based on these studies, we propose that fluoride can directly affect the ameloblasts, particularly at high fluoride levels, while at lower fluoride levels, the ameloblasts may respond to local effects of fluoride on the mineralizing matrix. A new working model is presented, focused on the assumption that fluoride increases the rate of mineral formation, resulting in a greater release of protons into the forming enamel matrix.

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Section: Fluoride Intake In Relation To Plasma Fluoride Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Fluoride on Ameloblasts and the Mechanisms of Enamel Fluorosis

Lyaruu²,

2009

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“…The homogenized pineal, homogenized muscle and bone solutions were assayed for fluoride using the HMDS-facilitated diffusion, F-ion-specific electrode method originally described by Taves [1968] and modified by Whitford and Reynolds [1979]. The protocol was further modified for use with the pineal glands.…”

Section: Determination Of the Fluoride Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Deposition in the Aged Human Pineal Gland

Lüke

2001

Caries Res

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The purpose was to discover whether fluoride (F) accumulates in the aged human pineal gland. The aims were to determine (a) F–concentrations of the pineal gland (wet), corresponding muscle (wet) and bone (ash); (b) calcium–concentration of the pineal. Pineal, muscle and bone were dissected from 11 aged cadavers and assayed for F using the HMDS–facilitated diffusion, F–ion–specific electrode method. Pineal calcium was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Pineal and muscle contained 297±257 and 0.5±0.4 mg F/kg wet weight, respectively; bone contained 2,037±1,095 mg F/kg ash weight. The pineal contained 16,000±11,070 mg Ca/kg wet weight. There was a positive correlation between pineal F and pineal Ca (r = 0.73, p<0.02) but no correlation between pineal F and bone F. By old age, the pineal gland has readily accumulated F and its F/Ca ratio is higher than bone.

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“…The F in each of the plasma samples from mothers (mean volume: 0.99 ml + 0.026) and pups (mean volume: 0.62 ml + 0.10), milk samples (mean volume: 0.80 ml + 0.180), and pooled enamel samples (mean weight: 13.91 mg ± 5.07) was concentrated by the rapid microdiffusion method of Taves (1968) as modified by Whitford and Reynolds (1979). Fluoride analyses were done using an ion-specific electrode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enamel Fluoride in Nursing Rats with Mothers Drinking Water with High Fluoride Concentrations

1985

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The purpose of this study was to determine the F levels in plasma and molar enamel from rat pups whose mothers had received various levels of F during pregnancy and/or lactation. Rats were started on water containing 0 (Group I), 50 (Group II), or 100 (Group III) ppm F at the beginning ofpregnancy or on the day of delivery. The mothers and pups were killed 13 days after delivery, and plasma F levels, milk Flevels, and pup molar enamel F levels were determined. (Ericsson, 1969;Ericsson and Ribelius, 1970;. Baseline values of F content in developing rat molar enamel have not been reported, nor has the effect of increasing the maternal F intake on plasma F levels and enamel F uptake in the pups been documented.The purpose of this study was to determine the F levels in plasma and molar enamel from rat pups whose mothers had received various levels of F during the pregnancy and the lactation periods, or the lactation period alone. Mother rats of an additional three litters were given water containing 50 ppm F. One-half of the pups in each litter were removed from the mother while actually nursing, and the other half were taken from the mother one to two hours before plasma was obtained from the pups.The F in each of the plasma samples from mothers (mean volume: 0.99 ml + 0.026) and pups (mean volume: 0.62 ml + 0.10), milk samples (mean volume: 0.80 ml + 0.180), and pooled enamel samples (mean weight: 13.91 mg ± 5.07) was concentrated by the rapid microdiffusion method of Taves (1968) as modified by Whitford and Reynolds (1979). Fluoride analyses were done using an ion-specific electrode. The percent recovery values were established using the known addition method (Taves, 1968). The differences in mean values were statistically evaluated using the Student t test (signifcant if p < 0.05).Because initial milk F concentrations were unexpectedly high, human milk samples were analyzed in the same series with subsequent rat milk samples. To test for possible contamination from fur and skin, de-ionized water was dropped on and collected from two animals and assayed for F. Results.At each of the fluoride intake levels, the data collected from animals exposed to fluoride both pre-natally and post-natally and from animals exposed only post-natally were not significantly different. Thus, the pre-natal-pluspost-natal and post-natal-only data were combined in each of the three F intake groups. Group I contained four mother rats and a mean of 10.0 + 1.4 pups per litter; Group II, five and 7.6 + 3.8; and Group III, six and 8.0 + 1.8.The percent recovery achieved by the analytical method was: 82% for mothers' plasma, 98% for milk, 67% for pups' plasma, and 75% for pups' enamel. The measurement error was + 2%.877

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Plasma and Developing Enamel Fluoride Concentrations During Chronic Acid-base Disturbances

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

The Impact of Fluoride on Ameloblasts and the Mechanisms of Enamel Fluorosis

The Impact of Fluoride on Ameloblasts and the Mechanisms of Enamel Fluorosis

Fluoride Deposition in the Aged Human Pineal Gland

Enamel Fluoride in Nursing Rats with Mothers Drinking Water with High Fluoride Concentrations

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