Plasma and saliva levels of three metals in waterpipe smokers: a case control study

Khabour, Omar F.; Alzoubi, Karem H.; Al-Sheyab, Nihaya; Azab, Mohammad; Massadeh, Adnan M.; Alomary, Ahmed A.; Eissenberg, Thomas

doi:10.1080/08958378.2018.1500663

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is somewhat in contradiction with a previous observation that commercial charcoals can be the source of metals in waterpipe tobacco aerosols [ 18 ]. It should be noted that a previous study reported higher concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Pb in the body fluids of waterpipe tobacco consumers than in never smokers [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of waterpipe aerosol constituents in accordance with the ISO standard 22486

et al. 2020

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of waterpipe aerosol constituents in accordance with the ISO standard 22486

et al. 2020

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“…According to one study, long-term exposure to hookah smoke leads to increased plasma and salivary levels of toxic metals, namely cadmium, copper, and zinc (19), which can contribute to cancer development. In a metaanalysis, the odds ratio for the association between hookah smoking and heart disease was reported to be 1.67 (95% CI = 1.25, 2.24), confirming the hypothesis that hookah is indeed harmful to the cardiovascular system (4).…”

Section: Relationship Between Exposure To Hookah Smoke and Lung Capac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Exposure to Hookah Smoke and Lung Capacity of Hookah Cafe Employees

et al. 2022

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Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exposure to hookah smoke on the respiratory capacity of employees working in hookah cafes in Bandar Abbas. Methods: A total of 75 employees of hookah cafes and 64 people in the control group were the target population. Participants without a history of smoking, diabetes, and hypertension were included in the study. First, the height and weight of subjects were measured and then a respiratory test was performed by an occupational medicine specialist. At the same time, a checklist was completed, which contained demographic characteristics, history of working in hookah cafes, pulmonary diseases, hypertension, smoking, exercising, and a second job. Results: The mean age of the case and control groups was found to be 31.41 and 30.73 years, respectively. The mean values of the indices in the case and the control groups were as follows: forced expiratory volume (FEV1): 84.4% and 89.9%, forced vital capacity (FVC): 91.5% and 91.1%, forced expiratory flow 25-75 (FEF25-75): 78.7% and 75.9%, and peak expiratory flow (PEF): 87.2% and 95.2%, respectively. A significant relationship was found between exposure to hookah smoke and the lung capacity of employees working in hookah cafes (P <0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study and in order to reduce passive exposure to hookah smoke and its negative consequences, officials should review and apply strict rules on hookah use and monitor and control the air quality inside hookah cafes.

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“…High levels of cadmium are naturally present in the air, soil, and water in certain regions of the world, which may enhance the risk of exposure. For the general public, contaminated food and cigarette smoke are the most common routes of cadmium exposure [13][14][15]. Cadmium could be transferred into the human body via contaminated air, food, and water, accumulated in various vital organs, and produce adverse health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity of cadmium in infants and children: a review

Chandravanshi¹,

Shiv

Kumar

2021

Environ Anal Health Toxicol

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effects and may not recover quite often. Chronic exposure of low-level cadmium may also occur via breast milk and cereals based complementary food, seafood, and vegetables for infants in mostly low-income families. [25][26][27]. Prenatal and postnatal cadmium exposures have been associated with a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes including, malformations, decrease fetal growth rate, low birth weight, mortality, further, it may associated with the development of the various disease in children or later life [28][29][30][31]. A negative correlation between the cord blood level of cadmium and fetal growth has been observed in cadmium-exposed population in different areas of the world [30,32,33]. Urinary cadmium levels have been measured with Median cadmium concentrations 0.30, 0.16, and 0.30 g/L in the urine of 1.5, 5 years, and 3-month-old children. On the other hand, it's also observed that the concentration of cadmium in the infant's urine correlated with concentrations in maternal breast milk, saliva, and urine in a rural area of Bangladesh [34].Nutritional deficiencies and poor detoxification by affecting the process of methylation are other important factors that may increase the toxicity of cadmium [35]. Population-based studies on children and mothers have reported a correlation between In utero cadmium exposure and cord blood DNA methylation or birth weight [34,36]). Prenatal chronic exposure to cadmium influence the anthropometric development and growth of the fetus have been linked to later IQ (Intelligence quotient) development in children [34,37].A number of epidemiological studies have revealed that In utero and early life chronic exposure to cadmium may cause neurological problems including cognitive deficits, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), social, and attention in young and children [38][39][40]). Epidemiological studies were also found that children living in an area, contaminated with cadmium even at low exposure levels were associated with enhanced oxidative stress with DNA damage and protein modification in early life and associated with the higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and some types of cancer [41][42][43][44]. These are some possible mechanisms to monitor associations between In utero or early life cadmium exposure and susceptibility to chronic diseases.In this review, we organized the study to report, chronic cadmium exposure during In utero and early life and linked with long term health consequences and risk of pregnancy outcomes, neurological, cancer, and renal disease. MethodsA literature review has been conducted, using free literature search database 'PubMed' along with 'Google Search Engine. These sources were searched using keywords such as: cadmium or cadmium* and In utero*, early life*, prenatal*, postnatal*, perinatal*, gestational, lactational, developmental*, pregnancy outcomes, neurobehavioral, behavior*, cognitive dysfunctions IQ* cancer, renal disease, kidney dysfunction etc. All types of appropriate human and animal, stud...

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Plasma and saliva levels of three metals in waterpipe smokers: a case control study

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Analysis of waterpipe aerosol constituents in accordance with the ISO standard 22486

Analysis of waterpipe aerosol constituents in accordance with the ISO standard 22486

Relationship between Exposure to Hookah Smoke and Lung Capacity of Hookah Cafe Employees

Developmental toxicity of cadmium in infants and children: a review

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