Plasma-based CO2 conversion: How to correctly analyze the performance?

Wanten, Bart; Vertongen, Rani; Meyer, Robin De; Bogaerts, Annemie

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2023.07.005

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…no carbon deposition is visible after hours of operation, compliant with equation (1). Note that in a rigorous treatment, the change of the gas flow rate between reactor entrance and exit due to conversion should be taken into account [59,60]. Since no internal standard or flow rate measurements at the reactor exit were available, we refer to the simplification in equation (3).…”

Section: Co 2 Conversion In Nrp Dischargesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasmas with MHz bursts for CO₂ dissociation

Post,

Budde,

Vervloedt

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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A novel pulsed power source capable of nanosecond pulses with burst frequencies up to 1MHz is employed to createatmospheric pressure pulsed plasma in pure CO2 gas. The short bursts contain up to four nanosecond pulses. The CO2 conversion and corresponding energy efficiency are measured ex-situ with Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. Trends in the absorption line profile of in-situ quantum cascade laser infrared absorption spectroscopy indicate an elevated vibrational temperature of CO2 with an increasing number of pulses per burst. The key result of this paper is that the dissociation energy efficiency is higher when operating the plasma in burst mode. Furthermore, a larger number of pulses in a burst is associated with a further increase of the dissociation efficiency. The highest efficiency measured is (17.7 ± 0.3)% for single pulses spaced 2 ms apart, and (20.0±0.3)% for bursts of three pulses, with an in-burst frequency of 1MHz and bursts spaced 4 ms apart.

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Section: Co 2 Conversion In Nrp Dischargesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasmas with MHz bursts for CO₂ dissociation

Post,

Budde,

Vervloedt

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…We can estimate CO 2 conversion based on the production of CO, similar to previous work on plasma-based CO 2 splitting , : estimated 0.25em conversion false[ % false] = CO 0.25em produced total 0.25em desorption false( CO + CO 2 false) × 100 false[ % false] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can estimate CO 2 conversion based on the production of CO, similar to previous work on plasma-based CO 2 splitting , : …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption-Enhanced Dry Reforming of Methane in a DBD Plasma Reactor for Single-Stage Carbon Capture and Utilization

Vertongen,

De Felice,

van den Bogaard

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Plasma−sorbent systems are a novel technology for single-stage carbon capture and utilization (CCU), where the plasma enables the desorption of CO 2 from a sorbent and the simultaneous conversion to CO. In this study, we test the flexibility of a plasma−sorbent system in a single unit, specifically for sorption-enhanced dry reforming of methane (DRM). The experimental results indicate the selective adsorption of CO 2 by the sorbent zeolite 5A in the first step, and CH 4 addition during the plasma-based desorption of CO 2 enables DRM to various value-added products in the second step, such as H 2 , CO, hydrocarbons, and the byproduct H 2 O. Furthermore, our work also demonstrates that zeolite has the potential to increase the conversion of CO 2 and CH 4 , attributed to its capability to capture H 2 O. Aside from the notable carbon deposition, material analysis shows that the zeolite remains relatively stable under plasma exposure.

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“…The formulas used to represent and analyze the data are taken from recently updated and clarified definitions in a publication by PLASMANT. 40 Specific attention is put into the metrics calculation, which considers expansion of CO 2 due to the overall stoichiometry of the reaction ( R1 ). In a simplified chemical pathway, CO 2 is split into CO and atomic O ( R2 ), with the latter recombining into O 2 ( R3 ).…”

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upscaling Plasma-Based CO₂ Conversion: Case Study of a Multi-Reactor Gliding Arc Plasmatron

O’Modhrain,

Trenchev,

Gorbanev

et al. 2024

ACS Eng. Au

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Atmospheric pressure plasmas have shifted in recent years from being a burgeoning research field in the academic setting to an actively investigated technology in the chemical, oil, and environmental industries. This is largely driven by the climate change mitigation efforts, as well as the evident pathways of value creation by converting greenhouse gases (such as CO 2 ) into useful chemical feedstock. Currently, most high technology readiness level (TRL) plasma-based technologies are based on volumetric and power-based scaling of thermal plasma systems, which results in large capital investment and regular maintenance costs. This work investigates bringing a quasi-thermal (so-called "warm") plasma setup, namely, a gliding arc plasmatron, from a lab-scale to a pilot-scale capacity with an increase in throughput capacity by a factor of 10. The method of scaling is the parallelization of plasmatron reactors within a single housing, with the aim of maintaining a warm plasma regime while simultaneously improving build cost and efficiency (compared to separate reactors operating in parallel). Special attention is also given to the safety and control features implemented in the setup, a key component required for integration into industrial systems. The performance of the multi-reactor gliding arc plasmatron (MRGAP) reactor is investigated, focusing on the influence of flow rate and the number of active reactors. The location of active reactors was deemed to have a negligible effect on the monitored metrics of conversion, energy efficiency, and energy cost. The optimum operating conditions were found to be with the most active reactors (five) at the highest investigated flow rate (80 L/min). Analysis of results suggests that an optimum conversion (9%) and plug power-based energy efficiency (19%) can be maintained at a specific energy input (SEI) around 5.3 kJ/L (or 1 eV/molecule). The concept of parallelization of plasmatron reactors within a singular housing was demonstrated to be a viable method for scaling up from a labscale to a prototype-scale device, with performance analysis suggesting that increasing the power (through adding more reactor channels) and total flow rate, while maintaining an SEI around 5.3 or 4.2 kJ/L, i.e., 1.3 or 1 eV/molecule (based on plug power and plasma-deposited power, respectively), can result in increased conversion rate without sacrificing absolute conversion or energy efficiency.

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Plasma-based CO2 conversion: How to correctly analyze the performance?

Cited by 32 publications

References 92 publications

Nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasmas with MHz bursts for CO₂ dissociation

Nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasmas with MHz bursts for CO₂ dissociation

Sorption-Enhanced Dry Reforming of Methane in a DBD Plasma Reactor for Single-Stage Carbon Capture and Utilization

Upscaling Plasma-Based CO₂ Conversion: Case Study of a Multi-Reactor Gliding Arc Plasmatron

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Plasma-based CO2 conversion: How to correctly analyze the performance?

Cited by 32 publications

References 92 publications

Nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasmas with MHz bursts for CO2 dissociation

Nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasmas with MHz bursts for CO2 dissociation

Sorption-Enhanced Dry Reforming of Methane in a DBD Plasma Reactor for Single-Stage Carbon Capture and Utilization

Upscaling Plasma-Based CO2 Conversion: Case Study of a Multi-Reactor Gliding Arc Plasmatron

Contact Info

Product

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Nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasmas with MHz bursts for CO₂ dissociation

Nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasmas with MHz bursts for CO₂ dissociation

Upscaling Plasma-Based CO₂ Conversion: Case Study of a Multi-Reactor Gliding Arc Plasmatron