Plasma Bile Acid Concentrations in Response to Feeding in Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus)

Jt, Lumeij; Jd, Remple

doi:10.2307/1591575

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Moderate hepatic lipidosis in chelonians during vitellogenesis is not abnormal [40], and a reasonable explanation for higher bile acids in adults. As a metabolite of cholesterol, post-prandial lipemia is also known to increase bile acid values in falcons ( Falco peregrinus ) [41] and green iguanas [42–43] thus differences in diet availability or feeding behavior between age classes should also be considered. Unfortunately, this fasting factor is uncontrollable in a free-ranging population of Blanding’s turtles, independent of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology and plasma biochemistries in the Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) in Lake County, Illinois

et al. 2019

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Chelonians are one of the most imperiled vertebrate taxa on the planet due to changes in the environment, anthropogenic influences, and disease. Over the last two decades, conservation strategies including nest protection, head-starting and meso-predator control have been successfully adopted by the Lake County Forest Preserve District for a population of state-endangered Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in Illinois. Only recently have efforts expanded to assess the effects of management action on turtle health. The objectives of this study were to 1) establish reference intervals for 16 hematologic and plasma biochemical analytes in free-ranging Blanding’s turtles, 2) characterize demographic and temporal drivers of clinical pathology values including age class, sex, month, and year, and 3) describe bloodwork differences between a managed (SBCP) and unmanaged (IBSP) study site. Hematology and plasma biochemistries were performed for 393 turtles from 2017–18 at two sites in the Lake Plain region. Subject or population-based reference intervals were established based on the index of individuality per American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. Analytes differed by age class [packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), total white blood cell counts (WBC), heterophils, lymphocytes, heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H:L), total calcium (Ca), calcium:phosphorous (Ca:P), bile acids (BA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)], sex [H:L, Ca, phosphorus (P), Ca:P, creatine kinase (CK)], month [eosinophils, H:L, Ca, P, uric acid (UA), AST], and year [PCV, WBC, lymphocytes, basophils, H:L, Ca, P, UA]. Several analytes also varied by site [PCV, TS, monocytes, eosinophils, P, UA, AST], suggesting that health status may be affected by habitat management or lack thereof. The results of this study provide a baseline for ongoing health assessments in this region as well as across the Blanding’s turtle range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology and plasma biochemistries in the Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) in Lake County, Illinois

et al. 2019

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“…Although plasma concentrations of uric acid and bile acids are considered important variables for the diagnosis of renal and hepatic disorders respectively, previous studies have shown that post-prandial elevations of uric acid an bile acid concentrations in peregrine falcons should be taken into account when these values are evaluated (Lumeij & Remple, 1991, 1992. Uric acid concentrations of up to 1880 fimoV have been seen in healthy peregrine falcons 8 h post-prandially.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma chemistry in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus): Reference values and physiological variations of importance for interpretation

Lumeij

Remple

et al. 1998

Avian Pathology

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Reference values for the calculated albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio were 0.8 to 24. Based on previous studies, reference values for calcium were established using an adjustment formula using plasma total protein concentrations (before correction 1.86 to 2.49, after correction 1.97 to 2.46 mmol/l). Results of plasma potassium concentrations were erratic which was shown to be due to a time lag between sample collection and separation of plasma and cells.

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“…Less frequently evaluated but strongly specific, increased levels of BA along with AST, as detected in infected nestlings in the present study, provide further indication of liver dysfunction ( Horowitz et al, 2016 ). However, preceding food intake, for which we could not control, is known to have a considerable impact on BA levels ( Lumeij, 1997 ; Lumeij and Remple, 1992 ). A significant postprandial increase occurs in birds as well as mammals, as BA is released from the gall bladder for intestinal fat digestion ( Lumeij, 1997 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Leucocytozoon spp. in nestlings of three wild raptor species including implications on haematological and blood chemistry values

Wiegmann

Springer

Rinaud

et al. 2021

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Leucocytozoonosis is a vector-borne infection of birds, caused by members of the haemosporidian genus Leucocytozoon . The clinical presentation may range from asymptomatic to severe disease. Consequences of Leucocytozoon infection on blood profiles remain to be described, especially for different host species in the wild. In the current study, the prevalence of Leucocytozoon infection was determined in wild nestlings of three European raptor species, the common buzzard ( Buteo buteo , n = 464), red kite ( Milvus milvus , n = 46) and northern goshawk ( Accipiter gentilis , n = 18). Among 528 nestlings, 51.9% (n = 274) were infected with Leucocytozoon spp., whereby the highest prevalence was found in common buzzards (54.9%), followed by red kites (32.6%) and northern goshawks (22.2%). For a subset of 87 individuals (50 common buzzards, 29 red kites, 8 northern goshawks), a detailed analysis of differential leukocyte counts and several blood chemistry parameters in response to infection was conducted: AP (alkaline phosphatase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GLDH (glutamate dehydrogenase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase), CK (creatine kinase), BuChE (butyrylcholinesterase), BA (bile acids), ALB (albumin) and TP (total protein). Even though in the physiological range, infected nestlings displayed significantly increased levels of heterophils, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, bile acids and butyrylcholinesterase, but decreased lymphocyte and monocyte values compared to uninfected ones. Furthermore, significant species differences with regard to blood parameters, but no sex differences were found. Overall, obtained results show a high prevalence, but a low pathogenicity of Leucocytozoon spp. in wild raptor chicks, presumably resulting from coevolutionary adaptation, but show signatures of infection in the haematological and blood chemistry profiles.

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Plasma Bile Acid Concentrations in Response to Feeding in Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus)

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Hematology and plasma biochemistries in the Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) in Lake County, Illinois

Hematology and plasma biochemistries in the Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) in Lake County, Illinois

Plasma chemistry in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus): Reference values and physiological variations of importance for interpretation

The prevalence of Leucocytozoon spp. in nestlings of three wild raptor species including implications on haematological and blood chemistry values

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