Plasma catecholamine concentrations in lambs and calves during the perinatal period

Richet, Elisabeth; Davicco, Marie-Jeanne; Barlet, J.P.

doi:10.1051/rnd:19850801

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This leads to a big reduction of the insulin/glucagon molar ratio and favors catabolic processes that lead to glycogen mobilization, starting at the second postnatal hour [34,35]. As previously mentioned glycogen mobilization is provoked mainly by catecholamine increase supported by a decreased insulin/ glucagon molar ratio.…”

Section: Insulin and Glucagonmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Although plasma catecholamine concentrations are very high at delivery a rapid decrease during the fi rst 30 minutes of postnatal life is found, followed by a signifi cant increase in their concentrations at the second postnatal hour, which coincides with the highest cAMP concentrations observed in the liver and with the onset of signifi cant liver glycogen mobilization [34,35]. The occurrence of postnatal hypoglycemia could stimulate the increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations in the second postnatal hour.…”

Section: Cathecholaminesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Endocrine And Metabolic Adaptations Of Calves To Extra-Uterine Life

Kirovski

2015

Acta Veterinaria

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The transition from intra-to extra-uterine life is one of the greatest physiological challenges that occur in the life of animals. Immediately after birth, newborn calves have to adapt to new environmental and feeding conditions. Namely, at birth a break of the thermal balance occurs, since calves abruptly pass from a 38.8°C temperature in utero to an environmental temperature that is generally lower than 20°C. Additionally, at birth, the energy intake shifts from a continuous parenteral supply of nutrients (mainly glucose) to discontinuous colostrum and milk intake with lactose and fat as the main energy sources. Therefore, the most important issues related to metabolic changes during the transition from intra-to extra-uterine life are related to maintaining the homoeothermic conditions and control of energy metabolism. Those metabolic adaptations are under control of the endocrine system that is relatively mature at birth, but still requires morphological and functional changes after birth. Key hormones whose concentrations are signifi cantly changed around birth and are involved in an adequate adaptation of calves to extra-uterine life are those related to stress at birth (cortisol and cathecholamines), glucoregulatory processes (insulin and glucagon), thermogenesis (thyroid hormones) and growth (IGF axis).

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Section: Insulin and Glucagonmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Cathecholaminesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Endocrine And Metabolic Adaptations Of Calves To Extra-Uterine Life

Kirovski

2015

Acta Veterinaria

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“…Besides glucagon and cortisol, catecholamines are involved in eGP and stimulate hepatic glycogenolysis and GNG through α 1and β 2 -adrenergic receptors (Rizza et al, 1980;Kraus-Friedmann, 1984), also shown in ruminants (McDowell, 1983;Brockman and Laarveld, 1986) and neonatal calves (Carron et al, 2005b;Hammon et al, 2012). In addition, catecholamines play an important role in postnatal glucose homeostasis (Sperling et al, 1984) and plasma concentrations of catecholamines are elevated around birth (Richet et al, 1985;Fowden et al, 1998). Whether plasma catecholamine concentrations are affected by nutrition in neonatal calves, is presently not known.…”

Section: Dependence Of Endocrine Glucose Regulation On Colostrum Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

LACTATION BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Role of colostrum and colostrum components on glucose metabolism in neonatal calves1,2

Hammon

Steinhoff‐Wagner

Flor

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

106

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In neonatal calves, nutrient intake shifts from continuous glucose supply via the placenta to discontinuous colostrum and milk intake with lactose and fat as main energy sources. Calves are often born hypoglycemic and have to establish endogenous glucose production (eGP) and gluconeogenesis, because lactose intake by colostrum and milk does not meet glucose demands. Besides establishing a passive immunity, colostrum intake stimulates maturation and function of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Nutrients and nonnutritive factors, such as hormones and growth factors, which are present in high amounts in colostrum of first milking after parturition, affect intestinal growth and function and enhance the absorptive capacity of the GIT. Likely as a consequence of that, colostrum feeding improves the glucose status in neonatal calves by increasing glucose absorption, which results in elevated postprandial plasma glucose concentrations. Hepatic glycogen concentrations rise much greater when colostrum instead of a milk-based colostrum replacer (formula with same nutrient composition as colostrum but almost no biologically active substances, such as hormones and growth factors) is fed. In contrast, first-pass glucose uptake in the splanchnic tissue tended to be greater in calves fed formula. The greater plasma glucose rise and improved energy status in neonatal calves after colostrum intake lead to greater insulin secretion and accelerated stimulation of anabolic processes indicated by enhanced maturation of the postnatal somatotropic axis in neonatal calves. Hormones involved in stimulation of eGP, such as glucagon and cortisol, depend on neonatal diet, but their effects on eGP stimulation seem to be impaired. Although colostrum feeding affects systemic insulin, IGF-I, and leptin concentrations, evidence for systemic action of colostral insulin, IGF-I, and leptin in neonatal calves is weak. Studies so far indicate no absorption of insulin, IGF-I, and leptin from colostrum in neonatal calves, unlike in rodents where systemic effects of colostral leptin are demonstrated. Therefore, glucose availability in neonatal calves is promoted by perinatal maturation of eGP and colostrum intake. There may be long-lasting effects of an improved colostrum supply and glucose status on postnatal growth and development, and colostrum supply may contribute to neonatal programming of performance (milk and growth) in later life, but data proving this concept are missing.

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“…Plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline are elevated around birth and support metabolic adaptation for postnatal life (Eliot et al, 1981;Richet et al, 1985;Hume et al, 2005). Effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline are mediated by α-and β-AR, respectively, which are present in liver cell membranes (Rizza et al, 1980;Schmelck and Hanoune, 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of colostrum versus formula feeding on hepatic glucocorticoid and α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors in neonatal calves and their effect on glucose and lipid metabolism

Schäff

Rohrbeck

Steinhoff‐Wagner

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Neonatal energy metabolism in calves has to adapt to extrauterine life and depends on colostrum feeding. The adrenergic and glucocorticoid systems are involved in postnatal maturation of pathways related to energy metabolism and calves show elevated plasma concentrations of cortisol and catecholamines during perinatal life. We tested the hypothesis that hepatic glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and α 1 -and β 2 -adrenergic receptors (AR) in neonatal calves are involved in adaptation of postnatal energy metabolism and that respective binding capacities depend on colostrum feeding. Calves were fed colostrum (CF; n = 7) or a milk-based formula (FF; n = 7) with similar nutrient content up to d 4 of life. Blood samples were taken daily before feeding and 2 h after feeding on d 4 of life to measure metabolites and hormones related to energy metabolism in blood plasma. Liver tissue was obtained 2 h after feeding on d 4 to measure hepatic fat content and binding capacity of AR and GR. Maximal binding capacity and binding affinity were calculated by saturation binding assays using [3 H]-prazosin and [ 3 H]-CGP-12177 for determination of α 1 -and β 2 -AR and [ 3 H]-dexamethasone for determination of GR in liver. Additional liver samples were taken to measure mRNA abundance of AR and GR, and of key enzymes related to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Plasma concentrations of albumin, triacylglycerides, insulin-like growth factor I, leptin, and thyroid hormones changed until d 4 and all these variables except leptin and thyroid hormones responded to feed intake on d 4. Diet effects were determined for albumin, insulin-like growth factor I, leptin, and thyroid hormones. Binding capacity for GR was greater and for α 1 -AR tended to be greater in CF than in FF calves. Binding affinities were in the same range for each receptor type. Gene expression of α 1 -AR (ADRA1) tended to be lower in CF than FF calves. Binding capacity of GR was related to parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, whereas β 2 -AR binding capacity was negatively associated with glucose metabolism. In conclusion, our results indicate a dependence of GR and α 1 -AR on milk feeding immediately after birth and point to an involvement of hepatic GR and AR in postnatal adaptation of glucose and lipid metabolism in calves.

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Plasma catecholamine concentrations in lambs and calves during the perinatal period

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Endocrine And Metabolic Adaptations Of Calves To Extra-Uterine Life

Endocrine And Metabolic Adaptations Of Calves To Extra-Uterine Life

LACTATION BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Role of colostrum and colostrum components on glucose metabolism in neonatal calves1,2

Effects of colostrum versus formula feeding on hepatic glucocorticoid and α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors in neonatal calves and their effect on glucose and lipid metabolism

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