Plasma Cholesterol and Triglyceride Distributions in 13,665 Children and Adolescents: the Prevalence Study of the Lipid Research Clinics Program

Christensen, Bobbe L.; Glueck, Charles J.; Kwiterovich, Peter O.; deGroot, Ido; Chase, Gary A.; Heiss, Gerardo; Mowery, Richard L.; Tamir, I; Rifkind, Basil M.

doi:10.1203/00006450-198003000-00004

Cited by 113 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…13. [20][21][22] The distributions of the ratio of HDL-C to TC by age, sex, and hormone use for the white participants in the LRC visit 2 random sample are shown in tables 1 to 3. The means, medians, and 10th Fifth and 95th percentiles not given if n < 100; 10th and 90th percentiles not given if n < 75.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

Green¹,

Heiss²,

Rifkind³

et al. 1985

Circulation

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The distribution of the ratios of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to total cholesterol (TC) and of HDL-C to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are presented for 6900 white and 495 black examinees greater than 4 years old. Measurements were obtained during the visit 2 survey of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Program Prevalence Study, and correspond to a 15% random sample of 60,502 participants screened during the LRC visit 1 survey. Age-specific means, medians, and selected percentiles are given by sex and by gonadal hormone use in white women. Apparent in these cross-sectional data was a consistent age-related decline in the ratio of HDL-C to TC for white male participants, from a mean of 0.360 in the age group 5 to 9 to a mean of 0.21 1 in the age group 50 to 54. Thereafter the mean ratio increased slightly. In white women not using gonadal hormones the age-related decline in the ratio was only evident starting at the age group 35 to 39, from which it declines from 0.329 to 0.258 in the age group 55 to 59. White women using gonadal hormones showed very minor age-related changes in the HDL-C/TC ratio, varying around a mean of 0.300. The number of blacks examined was low and thus the racial comparisons must be interpreted with caution. For each gender, age-related trends were similar in black and white study participants. Black men, however, had a higher percentage of TC carried as HDL-C than white men in all age groups examined. Black women had a higher percentage of TC in HDL-C than white women only below age 20; in the adult age range no appreciable differences were seen. Pearson correlation coefficients between the lipid, lipoprotein, and lipoprotein ratios are presented. The ratio HDL-C/TC correlated highly with the ratio HDL-C/LDL-C (greater than 0.92 for all groups) and the former may be a more conveniently determined surrogate for the latter. Although not exhaustive regarding the information it conveys about a lipid pattern, the ratio HDL-C/TC has the advantage of summarizing complex associations into a single numerical approximatiorn.Circulation 72, No. 1, 93-104, 1985. SINCE the late 1940s considerable epidemiologic evidence has accumulated in support of a strong association between elevated blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and the subsequent development of

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

Green¹,

Heiss²,

Rifkind³

et al. 1985

Circulation

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“…Geschlecht charakterisierte Altersgang beim Gesamtcholesterin ist in der Literatur bereits beschrieben worden [25,26]. Als Grund für die Abnahme des Gesamtcholesterins bei Jungen nach der Pubertät wird der gleichzeitige starke Rückgang der HDL-Werte angesehen [25].…”

Section: Mädchen Jungenunclassified

Biochemical measures in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)¹

Thierfelder

Dortschy

Hintzpeter

et al. 2008

LaboratoriumsMedizin

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In the framework of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), a series of clinical chemical parameters was determined in order to provide objective information on health status and particular health risks in addition to parent interview data and anthropometric measurements. In total, 43 parameters covered three areas of particular public health interest: nutrient deficiency, sero-epidemiology of past infectious diseases and immunization status, and risk indicators or risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. The parameters were classified into five categories: these reflected the availability of reference ranges or cut-off values that are valid for children and young people, and they also depended on the degree of standardization of each test method. The present paper discusses initial descriptive results for selected parameters representing the various categories. In order to assess the public health significance of the results, and perhaps to derive standard reference ranges relevant to health care, more detailed analyses will be required. As a first step, these will focus on cross-sectional analyses of the association between biochemical parameters and other health-related anthropometric and socio-demographic variables. Intermediate and long-term objectives will include the construction of multidimensional reference ranges taking into account several laboratory parameters and additional clinical information, and the prognostic validation of reference ranges or cut-off values for selected parameters based on follow-up of study participants for clinical outcomes.

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“…We used data generated from studies in- volving Ͼ13 000 healthy children to assess better the significance of the lipid levels on our patients. 18 At study entry, 12 (71%) of 17 children had triglyceride levels greater than the 95th percentile for age, race, and gender, compared with only 6 (35%) of 17 at week 48. All 5 children who entered the study with triglyceride levels within normal limits for age, race, and gender maintained it at week 48.…”

Section: Laboratory Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Protease Inhibitor Substitution With Efavirenz in HIV-Infected Children: Results of the First Pediatric Switch Study

McComsey

Bhumbra

et al. 2003

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. Simplification of antiretroviral regimen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children has not yet been investigated. In general, children have a more difficult time maintaining viral suppression because of many factors, including frequent nonadherence and less availability of antiretrovirals in palatable forms. In addition, many serious metabolic complications have emerged in HIV-infected adults and are believed to be attributable to antiretroviral therapy. Some of these complications-hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance-are believed to be the result of the use of protease inhibitor (PI) therapy, whereas the cause of others, such as lipodystrophy, remains undetermined. Recent reports underline that children experience long-term metabolic abnormalities in the same manner that adults do, and perhaps these consequences are even more worrisome in children secondary to long-term expected survival. We report here the results of the first open-label PI-switch study in HIV-infected children.Methods. Seventeen children, 24 to 160 months of age (median: 120), were enrolled into the study. All were receiving a stable PI-containing antiretroviral regimen that containing 2 to 3 nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in addition to 1 to 2 PIs for a median duration of 21 months (range: 5-50) before study entry. All children had HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/mL at screening; their baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA level had been <400 copies/mL for a median of 13 months (range: 4 -55) before study entry. All patients were naïve to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy. Their protease inhibitor(s) was switched to efavirenz while their NRTI therapy was maintained.Results. All children were heavily pretreated; 88% of the patients had previous NRTIs, and 41% had previous PI use. The most common PI at study entry was nelfinavir (47%), followed by ritonavir (29%), then amprenavir (18%); only 1 was on saquinavir/ritonavir. At study entry, the duration of previous antiretroviral therapy was between 21 and 123 months (median: 88). All patients completed the 48-week study. No acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining events occurred. There were no rashes and no changes in liver transaminases. Mild, transient insomnia and dizziness each occurred in 1 child. Two other subjects (6 and 8 years old) experienced unusual vivid dreams, mostly pleasant, which decreased in intensity and frequency after the first 12 weeks of the study. One subject, a 10-year-old girl, had an episode of generalized seizure at week 6; study drugs were not interrupted, and seizure never recurred. The patient had a strong family history of epilepsy, although she had never experienced previous seizures. No anticonvulsants were given. Sixteen of 17 patients had HIV-1 RNA levels of <50 copies/mL (1 HIV-1 RNA was 61 copies/mL) at week 48. The mean CD4% remained stable initially from a mean of 35.1% (؎2.8%) at baseline to 36.8% (؎5%) at week 24, but increased to 38% (؎6%) at week 48. Fastin...

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Plasma Cholesterol and Triglyceride Distributions in 13,665 Children and Adolescents: the Prevalence Study of the Lipid Research Clinics Program

Cited by 113 publications

References 24 publications

The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

Biochemical measures in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)¹

Impact of Protease Inhibitor Substitution With Efavirenz in HIV-Infected Children: Results of the First Pediatric Switch Study

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Plasma Cholesterol and Triglyceride Distributions in 13,665 Children and Adolescents: the Prevalence Study of the Lipid Research Clinics Program

Cited by 113 publications

References 24 publications

The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

Biochemical measures in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)1

Impact of Protease Inhibitor Substitution With Efavirenz in HIV-Infected Children: Results of the First Pediatric Switch Study

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Product

Resources

About

Biochemical measures in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)¹