Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Early Pregnancy

Jk, Howard; Nj, East; Jl, Chaney

doi:10.1080/00039896.1978.10667347

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Thus, their activity is quickly reversed after excretion of the pesticide (61). Pregnancy may pose a time of increased risk because plasma AChE activity is already reduced, at least during the first two trimesters (62,63).…”

Section: Effects Of Acute Exposure To Op and Carbamate Pesticides In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

Eskenazi

Bradman

Castorina

1999

Environ Health Perspect

593

326

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Recent studies show that young children can be exposed to pesticides during normal oral exploration of their environment and their level of dermal contact with floors and other surfaces. Children living in agricultural areas may be exposed to higher pesticide levels than other children because of pesticides tracked into their homes by household members, by pesticide drift, by breast milk from their farmworker mother, or by playing in nearby fields. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the extent of children's pesticide exposure, and no studies have examined whether there are adverse health effects of chronic exposure. There is substantial toxicologic evidence that repeated low-level exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides may affect neurodevelopment and growth in developing animals. For example, animal studies have reported neurobehavorial effects such as impairment on maze performance, locomotion, and balance in neonates exposed (italic)in utero(/italic) and during early postnatal life. Possible mechanisms for these effects include inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase, downregulation of muscarinic receptors, decreased brain DNA synthesis, and reduced brain weight in offspring. Research findings also suggest that it is biologically plausible that OP exposure may be related to respiratory disease in children through dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system. The University of California Berkeley Center for Children's Environmental Health Research is working to build a community-university partnership to study the environmental health of rural children. This Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas, or CHAMACOS in Monterey County, California, will assess (italic)in utero(/italic) and postnatal OP pesticide exposure and the relationship of exposure to neurodevelopment, growth, and symptoms of respiratory illness in children. The ultimate goal of the center is to translate research findings into a reduction of children's exposure to pesticides and other environmental agents, and thereby reduce the incidence of environmentally related disease.

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Section: Effects Of Acute Exposure To Op and Carbamate Pesticides In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

Eskenazi

Bradman

Castorina

1999

Environ Health Perspect

593

326

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This may be due to the low level of plasma BuChE during pregnancy. 21 Skinner and Kilgore 35 reported that diazinon was much more inhibitory on blood than the nervous system tissue cholinesterase in mice. Also, exposure of Anquilla anquilla to diazinon inhibited plasma BuChE activity by >90% of control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…20 This study has examined the effect of exposure to a single dermal dose of methyl parathion and diazinon, alone and in combination, on maternal and fetal rat plasma and tissue cholinesterase enzymes. Pregnant rats were used as an experimental model because they contain much less butynylcholinesterase (BuChE) 21 and their fetuses, whose central nervous system is still developing, are the most susceptible to possible adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitory insecticides. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition and recovery of maternal and fetal cholinesterase enzyme activity following a single cutaneous dose of methyl parathion and diazinon, alone and in combination, in pregnant rats

Abu-Qare

Abou‐Donia

2001

J of Applied Toxicology

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Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (14-18 days of gestation) were treated with a single cutaneous subclinical dose(s) of 10 mg kg(-1) (15% of LD(50)) of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) and 65 mg kg(-1) (15% of LD(50)) of diazinon (O,O)-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidinyl phosphorothioate, and their combination. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after dosing. Inhibition of maternal and fetal cholinesterase enzyme activity has been determined. Methyl parathion significantly inhibited maternal and fetal brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity within 24 h after dosing. Diazinon and a mixture of methyl parathion and diazinon caused lesser inhibition compared with methyl parathion alone. Recovery of maternal and fetal brain AChE activity was in the order of diazinon > combination of diazinon and methyl parathion > methyl parathion 96 h after dosing. Although fetal plasma BuChE activity recovered to 100% of control within 96 h of application, maternal BuChE activity remained inhibited to 55% and 32% of control 96 h after application of methyl parathion and a mixture of methyl parathion and diazinon, respectively. Following a single dermal dose of methyl parathion, the activity of maternal liver BuChE was 63% of control 2 h after dosing, whereas inhibition of placental AChE or BuChE activity occurred 12 and 1 h following a single dose of methyl parathion, corresponding to activities of 63% and 54% of control, respectively. Diazinon, alone or in combination with methyl parathion, did not inhibit significantly the maternal liver BuChE or placental AChE and BuChE activity. The results suggest that dermal application of a single dose of methyl parathion and diazinon, alone or in combination, has an easy access into maternal and fetal tissues, resulting in inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes. The lower inhibitory effect of the combination of methyl parathion and diazinon might be due to competition of diazinon with methyl parathion for cytochrome P-450 enzymes, resulting in formation of the potent cholinesterase inhibitor methyl paraoxon. The faster recovery of fetal cholinesterase enzymes is attributed to the rapid de novo synthesis of cholinesterase fetal tissues compared with the mother.

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“…Data produced by several investigators show that plasma cholinesterase activity declines during normal pregnancy (15)(16)(17), while others have reported that there is no change in plasma cholinesterase activity between preeclamptic and normal pregnancy (13,(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cord Blood Butyrylcholinesterase Activities in Normal Pregnant and Preeclamptic Women

Kharb¹,

Panjeta²,

Kala³

et al. 2016

Avicenna J Med Biochem

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Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Early Pregnancy

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects.

Inhibition and recovery of maternal and fetal cholinesterase enzyme activity following a single cutaneous dose of methyl parathion and diazinon, alone and in combination, in pregnant rats

Cord Blood Butyrylcholinesterase Activities in Normal Pregnant and Preeclamptic Women

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