“…The nature of the dopant ion depends on the final application of the material. Dopant ions into In 2 O 3 have included Ti (for electrodes with improved electrical, optical, morphological, and mechanical properties), [111] Se 4þ (for long wavelength emissions) [112] for gas sensing: Mg, [113] Al, [114] Fe, [115] and the rare-earth metals Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Y. [116] A discussion on doped indium-based oxides, with a primary focus on photocatalysis for water treatment, is as follows.…”