Structure analyses of underivatized neutral lacto oligosaccharides are systematically performed by ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UV-MALDI TOF MS) and UV-MALDI ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ion-trap/TOF MS) acquired in negative-ion mode. Interestingly, their fragmentation significantly differ each other. In postsource decay (PSD) in UV-MALDI TOF MS, cross-ring cleavage at the reducing terminal predominates. On the other hand, glycosyl bond cleavage (C-type fragmentation) takes place preferentially in collision induced dissociation (CID) in UV-MALDI ion-trap/TOF MS. The cross-ring cleavage in PSD similar to that in in-source decay occurs via a prompt reaction path characteristic of the UV-MALDI process itself. The product ion spectra of UV-MALDI ion-trap/ TOF MS are similar to the electrospray ionization (ESI) ion-trap or quadrupole/TOF CID product ion spectra. During ion-trap/TOF MS experiments, the deprotonated molecular ions survive for several tens of milliseconds after CID event because the high internal energy chlorinated precursor ions are cooled by collisional cooling in the ion trap. The results obtained suggest that the PSD from the chlorinated precursor ion in UV-MALDI TOF MS might proceed as a two-step reaction; in the first, a high internal energy deprotonated molecular ion is generated as a reaction intermediate during the flight in the drift tube, and in the second, the rapid decomposition from the deprotonated molecular ion takes place. . In UV matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (UV-MALDI MS) of neutral oligosaccharides, positively charged ions are detected as cation adduct ions rather than as protonated ions. Under common measurement conditions, employing a matrix of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), a sodiated molecular ion [M ϩ Na] ϩ is preferentially observed in positive-ion UV-MALDI mass spectra of neutral oligosaccharides [3].Conventionally, UV-MALDI is combined with time-offlight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS); a structural analysis can be performed using postsource decay (PSD) ions produced by spontaneous decay during the time of flight of metastable ions generated by laser irradiation [4]. In the PSD of oligosaccharides, glycosyl bond cleavage ions (Yand B-type fragment; Domon and Costello nomenclature [5]) are generally observed from a sodiated precursor ion [M ϩ Na] ϩ in the positive-ion UV-MALDI PSD spectra[6]. Cross-ring cleavage ions are observed, however, and their relative abundance tends to be low [7,8]. In our previous study, these ions were generated from 1-4 linked N-acetyl glucosamine residue (GlcNAc) at the reducing terminal in Lewis X trisaccharide, but they were not generated from the terminal glucose (Glc) in 3-fucosyl lactose [9]. Positive-ion UV-MALDI TOF MS measurements yield information about molecular weights and sugar sequences. In electrospray ionization MS analysis of positively charged ion detection, Y-and B-type fragment ions are predominant in the low-energy colli...