Plasma discharge with bulk glow in the liquid phase exposed to ultrasound

Abstract

It is shown that a specific form of the electric discharge with bulk glow in the entire space between electrodes and an increasing current-voltage characteristic inherent to the anomalous glow discharge in gas can exist in a liquid exposed to an intense ultrasonic field above the cavitation threshold. Such a discharge can be initiated between planar or rod electrodes in liquid in the mode of developed cavitation excited by an ultrasonic acoustic field. It is found that a plasma pinch is formed during cavitation between electrodes immersed into liquid. The pinch is stable at relatively low voltages (∼30-60 V) and currents (4-8 A).

Electric Discharge in Liquids under the Effect of Vibration

“…Only a change in the spectrum of voltage fluctuations occurs: when ultrasound is switched on, the intensity of low-frequency part of voltage noise spectrum decreases, and the intensity of highfrequency part of spectrum increases. Thus, the conducted experiments show that in liquids in a high-intensity ultrasonic field that exceeds the cavitation threshold, a specific form of electric discharge can exist, which is characterized by volumetric glow throughout the space between the electrodes and rising volt-ampere characteristic that is inherent to abnormal glow discharge in gas [1].…”

“…Arc discharge in aqueous electrolytes, which is widely used in engineering, is at present the only known form of stationary plasma discharge in liquid media [1]. In recent years, such discharge is used in physicochemical studies and in the synthesis of various materials.…”

Synthesis of Metal-Based Nanoparticles by Acoustoplasma Discharge for Energy Storage Applications

“…One of the new promising ways to obtain nanoscale materials, including metal oxide powders is the combined effect of the elastic oscillations of high intensity ultrasound and pulsed or steady electric fields in a liquid medium. This type of plasma, being of great interest as a new object of physical study, has several advantages as a method for the synthesis of nanomaterials-a relatively narrow particle size distribution of the synthesized nanopowder, specific composition and the properties of nanomaterials [5,6].…”

“…In general, the specially designed acoustoplasma reactor includes a reservoir with two immersed electrodes and ultrasonic cavitator. Cavitation bubbles in the liquid phase provide the outstanding characteristics of a discharge and these characteristics have been proven to be governed by the regimes of ultrasonification [5][6][7][8]. Furthermore, ultrasonic power prevents the secondary agglomeration of nanoparticles being synthesized from metal electrodes in electric discharge.…”

Nanoscale metal oxide particles produced in the plasma discharge in the liquid phase upon exposure to ultrasonic cavitation. 1. Method for producing particles

“…When using metal electrodes to initiate and maintain the plasma discharge in the liquid phase, nanoparticles of oxide of metal of which electrodes are made [11].…”