Plasma Driven Exsolution for Nanoscale Functionalization of Perovskite Oxides

Abstract

The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202100868.

Rapid Plasma Exsolution from an A‐site Deficient Perovskite Oxide at Room Temperature

“…Smaller ≈11 nm particles with a density of 80 µm −2 have also been reported for LCTN by thermal exsolution. [ 29 ] We have also explored plasma exposure for shorter and longer times (see Section‐A, Supporting Information) and have summarized the trend of particle average size/density in Figure 2a (see also Section‐A, Supporting Information). These have shown calculated average particle diameters of about 21 and 20 nm for 10 min (LCTN‐10) and 20 min (LCTN‐20) plasma treatment, respectively, while the respective densities were 60 and 510 µm −2 .…”

“…As surface reduction and defects trigger exsolution, [27,28] other reduction methods should be capable of producing exsolved nanoparticles. [29] Plasma have been therefore used to supply reducing radicals, which were delivered to a heated substrate to promote exsolution (>650 °C and 1 h). [29] In this type of plasma-enhanced exsolution, the plasma acted as the source of reducing chemical agents.…”

“…[ 29 ] Plasma have been therefore used to supply reducing radicals, which were delivered to a heated substrate to promote exsolution (>650 °C and 1 h). [ 29 ] In this type of plasma‐enhanced exsolution, the plasma acted as the source of reducing chemical agents. As nitrogen radical species were used in this particular case, contamination with oxynitride species was also observed on the oxide.…”

“…When an argon plasma was used (>650 °C and 1 h), exsolution was also observed however such high temperature process remained unexplained. [ 29 ] Exsolution has been also shown to occur in a few minutes under a reducing electron beam within a transmission electron microscope. [ 30 ] Electron‐beam irradiation offers limited technological opportunities but can be important in revealing underlying exsolution mechanisms with temporal resolution.…”

Plasma-Induced Surface Reconstruction of NiFe/Co3O4 Nanoarrays for High-Current and Ultrastable Oxygen Evolution and the Urea Oxidation Reaction

“…For example, the reductive free radicals formed in H 2 plasma (*H) enabled the effective surface reduction of metal oxide and the formation of low-valence and highly dispersed clusters. Meanwhile, the reductive free radicals and high-energy electrons are believed to promote the interaction between the components. ,− On the other hand, the amorphous materials possess a more disordered structure with abundant defects and dangling bonds, which are prone to transform into active species during in situ reconstruction. , Therefore, the combination of the mild low-temperature plasma treatment and the amorphous layer design may construct a heterostructure with high activity and a defect-rich structure.…”