Plasma fatty acid composition is associated with the metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation in overweight adolescents

Klein-Platat, C; Drai, Jocelyne; Oujaa, M.; Schlienger, Jean-Louis; Simon, Chantal

doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.6.1178

Cited by 241 publications

(229 citation statements)

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“…9 Insulin resistance and adiposity have been characterized by an abnormal fatty acid pattern, including a high relative percent of palmitic, palmitoleic and dihomo-g-linolenic acids and low percent of linoleic acid in adults. 3,4,14,19,25,26 A similar pattern was observed in obese children in our study and others, 16,27 although study results have been inconsistent. 18 Desaturase activity Consistent with most previous studies of adults 4,11,14,28 and children, 16,18 we found that the estimated activities of D6 and D9 DAs were positively associated with adiposity and insulin measures in our study of adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

et al. 2008

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Aim/hypothesis: The objective of this study was to describe the relation of serum fatty acids and desaturase activity (DA) to overweight, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents. Methods: The relations of % serum phospholipid (PL) and cholesteryl ester (CE) fatty acids and estimated DA with CVD risk factors were examined in 264 adolescents (average age 15 years). Fatty acids were determined by gas liquid chromotography. Surrogate measures of DA were expressed as ratios of serum fatty acids: D9 DA ¼ 16:0/16:1; D6 DA ¼ 20:3,n6/18:2,n6 (PL) or 18:3,n6/18:2,n6 (CE); and D5 DA ¼ 20:4,n6/20:3,n6. Spearman partial correlations of fatty acids (%) and DA ratios with CVD risk factors were reported, adjusting for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, energy intake and physical activity. Results: Overweight adolescents compared to normal weight had more adverse levels of CVD risk factors, composition of PL and CE fatty acids in serum, and D6 DA and D5 DA ratios. Linoleic acid was inversely related to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and triglycerides (Pp0.01). Dihomo-g-linolenic acid was positively related to BMI, waist, insulin, and triglycerides, and inversely related to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (Pp0.01). D6 DA was adversely associated with most of the risk factors (Pp0.01), whereas triglycerides and fasting insulin were beneficially related to D5 DA (Pp0.01). Conclusion: These findings support those observed in adults, that factors, such as type of dietary fat, physical activity, and obesity, may influence fatty acid metabolism and are important in the development of adverse CVD risk factors as early as adolescence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

et al. 2008

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Section: Subclinical Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…81 Overweight adolescents with increased CRP and IL-6 concentrations have higher plasma saturated fatty acids and lower n-3 PUFAs compared with normal weight control participants. 82 It has been suggested that high dietary intake of specific fatty acids may stimulate IL-6 secretion, and, in contrast, high intakes of n-3 PUFAs may inhibit low-grade inflammation. 82,83 However, in the Swiss study, 56 total fat intake and percentage of energy from fat, and not specific types of dietary fat, predicted subclinical inflammation, independently of BMI.…”

Section: Subclinical Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…82 It has been suggested that high dietary intake of specific fatty acids may stimulate IL-6 secretion, and, in contrast, high intakes of n-3 PUFAs may inhibit low-grade inflammation. 82,83 However, in the Swiss study, 56 total fat intake and percentage of energy from fat, and not specific types of dietary fat, predicted subclinical inflammation, independently of BMI.Oxidative stress may play a central role in the pathogenesis of various disease states, including diabetes and insulin resistance. 84,85 Obesity per se may induce systemic oxidative stress 52 that may contribute to the dysregulation of adipocytokines and the development of metabolic syndrome.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Zimmermann

Aeberli

2008

Int J Obes

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Objective: To review and summarize the dietary determinants of the metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation and dyslipidemia in overweight children. Design: Review of the current literature, focusing on pediatric studies. Participants: Normal weight, overweight, or obese children and adolescents. Results: There is a growing literature on the metabolic effects of excess body fat during childhood. However, few pediatric studies have examined the dietary determinants of obesity-related metabolic disturbances. From the available data, it appears that dietary factors are not only important environmental determinants of adiposity, but also may affect components of the metabolic syndrome and modulate the actions of adipokines. Dietary total fat and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance and high blood pressure, as well as obesity-related inflammation. In contrast to studies in adults, resistin and adiponectin do not appear to be closely linked to insulin resistance or dyslipidemia in childhood. However, circulating leptin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4 correlate well with obesity, central obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children. Intakes of antioxidant vitamins tend to be low in obese children and may be predictors of subclinical inflammation. Higher fructose intake from sweets and sweetened drinks in overweight children has been linked to decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. Conclusions: Dietary interventions aimed at reducing intakes of total fat, saturated fat and free fructose, whereas increasing antioxidant vitamin intake may be beneficial in overweight children. More research on the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, S11-S18; doi:10. 1038/ijo.2008.202 Keywords: child; metabolic syndrome; diet; inflammation; adipokine IntroductionIn both industrialized and non-industrialized countries, the prevalence of pediatric obesity is increasing. 1 Dietary factors are environmental determinants of adiposity, as well as components of the metabolic syndrome, and may modulate the actions of adipokines. Better understanding of the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. Hypertension, insulin resistance, resistin and adiponectinPediatric obesity is an important risk factor for adult hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and approximately one third of obese children are hypertensive and/or hyperinsulinemic. 2,3 The adipocyte-derived hormones resistin, adiponectin and leptin may play a role in the development of hypertension and/or insulin resistance. 4-7 Among children, inverse associations of adiponectin or resistin with body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance have been reported, 8 but not all studies agree. 9 Studies on diet in childhood hypertension have mainly focused on sodium or calcium intake, rather than macr...

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“…Certainly, the levels of EPA and DHA seen in the blood would have been far less than those seen in fish oil studies and purified EPA and/or DHA [20][21][22] delivering high amounts of EPA and DHA that apparently resulted in glycemic control deterioration in those studies. However as Klein-Platat et al 32) , and Phinney 33) have indicated it may be that blood levels of EPA and DHA may be inconsistent with tissues targeted by insulin for glucose uptake.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Dose Flaxseed Oil Supplementation May Affect Fasting Blood Serum Glucose Management in Human Type 2 Diabetics

Barre¹,

Mizier-Barre²,

Griscti³

et al. 2008

J. Oleo Sci.

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Type 2 diabetes is characterized partially by elevated fasting blood serum glucose and insulin concentrations and the percentage of hemoglobin as HbA1c. It was hypothesized that each of blood glucose and its co-factors insulin and HbA1c and would show a more favorable profile as the result of flaxseed oil supplementation. Patients were recruited at random from a population pool responding to a recruitment advertisement in the local newspaper and 2 area physicians. Completing the trial were 10 flaxseed oil males, 8 flaxseed oil females, 8 safflower (placebo) oil males and 6 safflower oil females. Patients visited on two pre-treatment occasions each three months apart (visits 1 and 2). At visit 2 subjects were randomly assigned in double blind fashion and in equal gender numbers to take flaxseed oil or safflower oil for three further months until visit 3. Oil consumption in both groups was ~ 10 g/d. ALA intake in the intervention group was ~ 5.5 g/d. Power was 0.80 to see a difference of 1 mmol of glucose /L using 12 subjects per group with a p < 0.05. Flaxseed oil had no impact on fasting blood serum glucose, insulin or HbA1c levels. It is concluded that high doses of flaxseed oil have no effect on glycemic control in type 2 diabetics.

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Plasma fatty acid composition is associated with the metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation in overweight adolescents

Abstract: Plasma FA composition is associated with weight status in healthy adolescents. High intake of long-chain PUFAs, especially n-3 PUFAs, may protect obese subjects against MS and low-grade inflammation as early as adolescence.

Cited by 241 publications

References 33 publications

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

High Dose Flaxseed Oil Supplementation May Affect Fasting Blood Serum Glucose Management in Human Type 2 Diabetics

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